支撑我国能源转型的灵活燃煤发电新技术:锅炉系统及汽轮发电机系统

Novel Technologies of Flexible Coal-fired Power Generation to Support China Energy Transition:Boiler System and Turbine Generator System

构建新型电力系统被视为推动能源清洁低碳转型、确保如期实现“双碳”目标的关键战略。在新型电力系统的背景下,新能源正逐渐由电源的辅助地位演进为主力电源,而燃煤机组在这一转变中扮演更为灵活的“兜底保供”和“灵活调节”角色。该文以实际工程应用为基础,系统分析燃煤发电机组在新型电力系统中的灵活运行现状,针对锅炉、汽轮机、发电机三大主机设备,从运行安全性、低负荷经济性等方面详细梳理机组灵活运行所面临的问题及原因,分析了现有解决方案及不足。进一步,从锅炉系统的超低负荷稳燃燃烧器、新型锅炉结构和全负荷脱硝3个层面以及汽轮机发电系统的新型汽轮机结构、新型叶片、寿命监测系统、新型发电机结构和动态调相5个层面提出机组灵活运行的新技术,并展望未来的研究与发展方向,以期为我国燃煤发电清洁低碳、安全高效、灵活智能转型发展提供一定指导。

The establishment of a new power system is recognized as a pivotal strategic initiative to drive the transformation towards clean and low-carbon energy,ensuring the timely achievement of the'Dual Carbon'goals.Against the backdrop of the new power system,renewable energy is gradually transitioning from a supplementary role to a primary power source,whereas coal-fired power generation units are assuming more flexible roles as'guarantors of supply'and'flexible regulators'.First,based on the practical engineering applications,this paper systematically analyzes the current state of flexible operation of coal-fired power generation units in the new power system.Targeting the three major types of host equipment,namely boiler,turbine and generator,the problems and reasons for the flexible operation of the unit in terms of operational safety and low load economy are sorted out in detail,and the existing solutions and deficiencies are analyzed.Then,new technologies for flexible unit operation are proposed at three levels,namely,ultra-low-load stabilized combustion burner,new boiler structure and full-load denitrification for boiler system,and at five levels,namely,new turbine structure,new blade,life monitoring system,new generator structure and dynamic phase adjustment for turbine power generation systems.Finally,the future research and development direction is prospected.This paper is expected to contribute to the clean and low-carbon,safe and efficient,flexible and intelligent transformation and development of China's coal-fired power generation.