高压大功率器件应用特性测评现状与挑战

Review and Challenges of Characterization in High-voltage and High-power Devices

高压大功率器件目前已广泛应用于各类大容量电力换流和控制装备中,在运行过程中面临复杂的电-磁-热-机应力,具有功率密度大、工况态势复杂的特点,开展高压大功率器件的特性测试有利于准确评估功率器件的可靠性,并指导变流器的优化设计。该文紧密围绕基于双脉冲的准在线测试方法,系统综述准在线测试在结温提取、老化表征、运行轨迹刻画、电磁云图分布等方面的应用情况和发展现状,梳理不同特性表征方法的优缺点及适用性,并进一步探讨在线运行工况下功率器件的实时状态监测和寿命评估方法。同时,面向第三代碳化硅半导体器件,深入讨论基于宽禁带材料电致发光原理的测评新方法,为后续高压大功率器件的可靠性评估提供指导和参考。

High-voltage and high-power devices are currently widely used in various large-capacity power conversion and control equipment,facing complex electrical-magnetic-thermal-mechanical stress during operation,characterized by high power density and complex operating conditions.Conducting characteristic tests of high-voltage high-power devices is beneficial for accurately assessing the reliability of power devices and guiding the optimization design of converters.Focusing on the quasi-online testing method utilizing double pulses,this paper comprehensively reviews the application and current development status of quasi-online testing in areas such as junction temperature extraction,aging characterization,safety boundary delineation,and electromagnetic field mapping.Then,it categorizes and examines the strengths,limitations,and applicability of various characteristic characterization methodologies.Furthermore,it further explores real-time status monitoring and life evaluation methods for power devices under online operating conditions.Additionally,the targeting third-generation silicon carbide semiconductor device,a new evaluation method based on electroluminescence principles,is proposed,providing guidance and reference for the subsequent reliability evaluation of high-voltage high-power devices.