市场生计不确定性操纵与平台劳动过程治理--基于两家代驾平台的比较研究

Market Livelihood Uncertainty Manipulation and Platform Labor Process Governance:A Comparative Study Based on Two Designated-Driver Platforms

既有劳动过程理论范式下的研究多将平台视为升级版的生产组织。本文基于两家代驾平台的比较研究发现,平台正是通过对劳动者市场生计不确定性的操纵,提升劳动过程的治理效能,有效化解资本面临的劳动力产出不确定性。一方面,平台基于劳动者日常工作表现进行派单倾斜,让劳动者在一次次获取订单的过程中持续性地内化平台规则;另一方面,平台凭借对市场生计的垄断制定更为严格的管理方式,劳动者为获取更有保障的生计,不得不选择让渡自主空间、顺从管理。本文主张,应回到马克思关于资本循环过程的整体论述,基于平台横跨生产与流通阶段、集不同资本形态于一体的特质,对既有的劳动过程理论分析框架进行修正。

Much of the research literature under the established labor process theory paradigm views platforms as upgraded production organizations.Based on a comparative study of two designated driving platforms,this paper finds that platforms enhance the governance efficacy of the labor process by manipulating the uncertainty of workers'market livelihoods,effectively resolving the uncertainty of labor output faced by capital.On the one hand,the platform tilts the orders based on the workers'daily performance,so that the workers continuously internalize the rules of the platform in the process of obtaining orders over and over again;on the other hand,the plaform develops a more stringent management style by virtue of the monopoly of the market livelihood,and the workers are forced to give up the space of autonomy and submit to the management in order to obtain a more secured livelihood.This paper argues that we should return to Marx's holistic account of the capital cycle and revise the existing analytical framework of labor process theory based on the characteristics of platforms,which straddle the stages of production and circulation and integrate different forms of capital.