西方古典田园诗中的情感误置

Pathetic Fallacy in Western Classical Pastoral Poetry

情感误置是主体在强烈感情驱使下对外部事物的情态产生错觉的结果,它本质上是情感主体内心世界的外在化。田园诗中的情感误置可分为修辞性和癫狂性两个层次。修辞性误置通常用于表现人与自然之间在情感状态上的和谐关系:要么借自然的愉悦情态来营造纯粹愉悦或宁静的心境,要么借自然的悲喜情态来应和人物心境的悲喜变化。癫狂性误置主要有三种类型:失和式误置表现自然与人之间的情感对立或冲突,失序式误置以大自然的失序状态表达对人之极端悲伤的同情,祈愿式误置以情感主体向“缺席”的自然祈求同情来强化其绝望情绪。这些手法使那些难以直接描述的情感世界得以直观传达,让诗人的表达更富戏剧性,从而更加有效地表现情感主体的快乐或悲伤。

Pathetic fallacy is the result of the subject's illusion of the“emotional conditions”of natural things driven by strong feelings,which is actually the externalization of the inner world of the subject.Pathetic fallacy in pastoral poetry can be divided into two levels:rhetorical and maniacal.Rhetorical pathetic fallacy is usually used to express the harmonious relationship between human and nature in emotional states:either to help create a pure pleasure or peaceful state of mood,or to have the natural things echo the sadness and happiness of the subject.Maniacal pathetic fallacy falls into three main types:the disharmonious one is used to represent the emotional opposition or conflict between nature and man,the disordered expresses sympathy for man's extreme sadness with the disordered state of nature,while the suppliant intensifies the subject's despair with his imploring for sympathy from the“absent”nature.These techniques can directly convey the emotional world that is indescribable,and make the poet's expression more dramatic,so as to more effectively express the happiness or sadness of the emotional subject.