加甜型糯玉米杂交组合主要农艺性状及产量的综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits and Yield in Hybrid Combinations of Sweetened Waxy Maize

对36个加甜型糯玉米杂交组合的13个农艺性状进行了遗传变异、关联度分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,各主要农艺性状的变异系数在0.092~1.072,其中,秃尖长变异系数最大,穗长变异系数最小。关联度分析表明,行粒数、穗长与鲜穗产量的关联度位于前两位;位于后3位的性状因素是穗位高、秃尖长和单轴重。主成分分析结果表明,前5个主成分的累积方差贡献率为79.117%。基于主成分分析的综合评价结果,筛选出综合性状优良的加甜型糯玉米杂交组合C4(21hf14A×21hf1B)、C28(21hf14A×21hf12B)和C5(21hf1A×21hf2B),这些组合可进行品种比较试验,进一步挖掘其双亲的优良性状及优异基因。杂交组合C13(21hf1A×21hf6B)、C17(21hf1A×21hf9B)、C30(21hf6A×21hf13B)和C34(21hf6A×21hf16B)组合的农艺性状和产量表现较差,对其双亲需进一步改良。

To identify the key agronomic traits for comprehensive evaluation and enhance the breeding efficien⁃cy of sweetened waxy maize,genetic variation,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and cluster analy⁃sis were conducted on 13 agronomic traits across 36 sweetened waxy maize hybrid combinations.The results showed that the coefficients of variation for the main agronomic traits ranged from 0.092 to 1.072,with the highest variation in bald tip length and the lowest in ear length.Correlation analysis revealed that row number and ear length had the strongest associations with fresh ear yield,while ear position,bald tip length,and single axis weight had the weak⁃est.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first five principal components was 79.117%.Based on these comprehensive evaluations,hybrid combinations C4,C28,and C5,which exhibited superior overall traits,are recommended for further variety comparison trials.Conversely,combinations C13,C17,C30,and C34 showed poorer agronomic traits and yield,suggesting a need for further parental trait and gene enhancement.