长期护理保险对女性就业极化的影响——基于多时点双重差分模型

The Influence of Long-Term Care Insurance on Female Employment Polarization:Based on Time-Varying DID Model

采用2011—2018年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查数据(CMDS),构建多时点双重差分模型,评估长期护理保险对女性劳动力就业结构的影响。结果发现:与中等技能女性劳动力相比,长期护理保险显著提高了高技能和低技能女性劳动力的工资收入水平,提升幅度分别为14.15和7.37个百分点,从而促进了女性劳动力市场双向就业极化。这种极化现象在就业人数和工作时间层面同样存在,且在经济发展水平较低和传统文化观念淡薄的城市更加明显。鉴于此,应在推广长期护理保险的进程中,增强女性护理行业从业人员专业技能,切实提高其产业变化适应能力,同时探索发展更适应传统文化观念和失能家庭需要的养老照护模式。

Using the data of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)from 2011 to 2018,the time-varying difference-in-differences model was constructed to assess the impact of long-term care insurance on the employment structure of female labor force.The results showed that,compared with the middle-skilled female labor force,long-term care insurance significantly increased the wage level of the high-skilled and low-skilled female labor force by 14.15 and 7.37 percentage points.Respectively,thus promoting a two-way employment polarization of the female labor market.This polarization phenomenon also exists in the level of employment and working hours,and is more obvious in cities with relatively backward economic development level and weak traditional cultural atmosphere.In view of this,in the process of promoting long-term care insurance,it is necessary to enhance the professional skills of female nursing practitioners,effectively improve their adaptability to industrial changes,and explore the development of more practical traditional cultural concepts and elderly care models needed by disabled families.