“感觉质”与“呈符化”——“听见美”的符号过程解析

"Qualia"and"Rhematization":Unpacking the Semiotic Process of"Hearing the Beautiful"

在假设表演艺术家濮存昕举办的“听见美”朗诵会能给听众带来美的感受基础上,探究这种“美”如何被听众感受到这类“感觉质”问题。为此,选取濮存昕朗诵《送杜少府之任蜀州》的音频语料作为分析对象,借助Praat语音学软件对濮存昕的朗诵在语调、语速、音强、音高等方面进行技术分析,之后借助“呈符化”的概念性工具解析濮存昕朗诵之“美”化作听众“感觉质”的符号过程。研究发现,听众之所以能够(或不能够)感受到濮存昕的朗诵之“美”,与其说是因为濮存昕的朗诵具有(或不具有)某些“美”的潜质,不如说是因为听众依据自己既有的关于朗诵和朗诵者的刻板印象做出了主观判断。研究进一步指出,如此依据听众自身刻板印象生成的“感觉质”具有一定的评判力,对朗诵者身份的建构具有影响力,这对探究修辞的建构作用具有启示意义。

On the assumption that Pu Cunxin's recitation brings a beautiful sense to audience,this article explores the issue of qualia such as how the beautiful is sensed.To this end,his reciting of the Tang Dynasty poem,"Seeing Vice-Magistrate Du off to His Post in Sichuan",is examined by applying a sound software of Praat to identify the rhetoric qualities with which he utilizes his tone,speed and pitch to affect the audience.Then with the conceptual tool of"rhematization"the article investigates the semiotic process in which Pu's recitation is experienced by the audience as being beautiful.It is found that the audience can hear the beautiful and feel the force of his recitation not because of the rhetoric quality in his recitation but because of stereotype of the audience about the recitation and the reciter.The article further discusses the evaluative and constitutive force of qualia,maintaining that the qualia,once formed,has force of evaluating and constituting the reader's identity.The research may shed some light on further exploring the constitutive force of rhetoric.