从历史来源看“据说”和“听说”的传信功能差异

A Historical Perspective on the Functional Differences Between"Jushuo"and"Tingshuo"

在汉语中,传信功能可由信息来源与信息获取方式两种途径表征,“据说”与“听说”是各自的代表。语义测试表明,两者在信源的可靠性、信息预指以及其他获取方式上存在传信功能差异,这些差异可由历史来源得到解释:副词“据说”由引进间接信源的介宾结构“据说”词汇化形成;副词“听说”则由指示信息获取方式的感知动词“听说”语法化形成。两者是不同的传信策略向传信语演变的结果,“据说”固化了介宾结构的传信义,而“听说”吸收了感知动词的语境义。

In Chinese,the evidential functions can be represented by two ways:the information sources and the information acquisition ways.The former is represented by"jushuo"and the latter is represented by"tingshuo".Semantic tests show that there are functional differences in the reliability of information sources,cataphora of information and other acquisition ways between the two.These differences can be explained by historical sources:the adverb"jushuo"is formed by the lexicalization of the preposition-object structure"jushuo",which introduces indirect information sources.The adverb"tingshuo"is grammaticalized by the verb of perception"tingshuo",which indicates the way of information acquisition.The two are the result of the evolution of different evidentiality strategies into evidentials."Jushuo"solidifies the evidential meaning of the preposition-object structure,while"tingshuo"absorbs the contextual meaning of the perception verb.