两种养殖模式下罗氏沼虾肠道菌群结构、营养成分及肌肉风味比较

Comparison of intestinal flora structure,nutritional components and muscle flavor of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under two culture modes

肠道菌群在动物的营养代谢和免疫功能中发挥了重要作用。为探究种草养虾和稻田养虾两种模式对罗氏沼虾肠道菌群和肌肉风味的影响,以相同养殖周期不同养殖区域的种草养殖(种草组)和稻田养殖(稻田组)的罗氏沼虾为对象,对其肠道内容物的肠道菌群结构、肌肉氨基酸以及其肌肉中微量元素的含量进行了测定。首先,在虾肠道菌群的门级分类表明:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和软壁菌门(Tenericutes)是两种模式下均有的优势菌门(相对丰度>5%),此外,蓝藻细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是种草组的特异优势菌门;在属级分类方面:乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)和Candidatus_Hepatoplasma为两者的优势菌属。其次在菌群的多样性分析方面:稻田组的肠道菌群OTUs显著高于种草组,表明稻田养殖模式下罗氏沼虾肠道菌群物种多样性高;对肠道菌群功能的预测亦发现,两种养殖模式下罗氏沼虾肠道菌群的功能都聚集于新陈代谢调控通路上。最后,在营养成分含量分析和肌肉风味评估中证明:两者的鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸总含量并无显著差异,但稻田组肌肉中丝氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸均显著高于种草组;稻田养殖模式下罗氏沼虾肌肉中的铁元素含量显著高于种草组,而铜、锌元素含量显著低于种草组;其他矿物质元素含量无显著差异。总之,稻田养殖模式下罗氏沼虾的肌肉风味更佳且肠道菌群多样性丰富,本研究的结果可为罗氏沼虾不同健康养殖模式提供技术参考和技术指导。

Intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the nutritional metabolism and immune functions of animals.In order to investigate the impact of two cultivation modes,namely grass-based shrimp farming and paddy field shrimp farming,on the intestinal microbiota and muscle flavor of Macrobrachium rosenbergii,this experiment focused on specimens raised in different cultivation areas with the same breeding cycle.The specimens were categorized into a grass-based cultivation group(Grass Group)and a paddy field cultivation group(Paddy Group).The study conducted analyses on the structure of intestinal microbiota,muscle amino acids,and trace elements in the muscle content.Firstly,at the phylum level classification of shrimp intestinal microbiota,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,and Tenericutes were identified as dominant phyla under both cultivation modes(with a relative abundance>5%).Additionally,Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes were identified as specific dominant phyla in the Grass Group.At the genus level classification,Lactococcus,Enterobacter,and Candidatus_Hepatoplasma were identified as dominant genera in both groups.Secondly,in terms of microbiota diversity analysis,the number of operational taxonomic units(OTUs)in the Paddy Group was significantly higher than that in the Grass Group,indicating a higher species diversity of intestinal microbiota in Macrobrachium rosenbergii under paddy field cultivation.The functional prediction of the intestinal microbiota revealed that the functions in both cultivation modes were mainly concentrated in metabolic regulation pathways.Finally,in the analysis of nutritional components and the evaluation of muscle flavor,it was proved that there was no significant difference in the total contents of umami amino acids and sweet amino acids between them.However,the Paddy Group exhibited significantly higher levels of serine,glycine,and arginine in the muscle compared to the Grass Group.The iron content in the muscle of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under paddy field cultivation was significantly higher,while copper and zinc content were significantly lower compared to the Grass Group.There were no significant differences in the content of other mineral elements.In conclusion,Macrobrachium rosenbergii under paddy field cultivation exhibited superior muscle flavor and a more diverse intestinal microbiota.The results of this study can provide technical references and guidance for different health cultivation modes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.