不同水域刀鲚与短颌鲚肌间刺的比较分析

Comparative analysis of the intermuscular bones of Coilia nasus and Coilia brachygnathus in different waters

鱼类的肌间骨与其运动有着密切的联系,鱼类运动能力越强,肌间骨数目可能越多,肌肉脂肪含量可能相对高些。为了探究鄱阳湖短颌鲚是否存在江、湖及湖、湖等洄游的生态类群,在不同月份采集了鄱阳湖不同采样点如千眼桥等地的短颌鲚样本。此外为了探究洄游对刀鲚肌间刺形成的影响,采集了舟山嵊泗、长江口青草沙水库、鄱阳湖刀鲚样本,采用解剖法和常规测量法比较了它们髓弓小骨和脉弓小骨形态、数目和肌肉蛋白与脂肪含量。结果表明:(1)3月份鄱阳湖瓢头地区短颌鲚的肌间骨数目最少,为(100.67±6.34)根;6月份千眼桥的肌间骨数目最多,为(127.67±6.18)根;(2)鄱阳湖刀鲚肌间骨数为(129.60±0.98)根,极显著高于短颌鲚(110.60±2.97)根;(3)同为刀鲚,鄱阳湖的肌间骨数目极显著高于青草沙的(113.67±3.29)根,但低于嵊泗的(147.67±3.09)根;(4)鄱阳湖刀鲚肌肉的蛋白质含量低于短颌鲚,脂肪含量高于短颌鲚,鱼类肌肉中的蛋白质含量较高的鱼类肌间骨的数量会较少,提示刀鲚需要更多的鱼体摆动以完成长距离洄游需要,刺激更多肌间刺的形成。以上这些结果对于理解鄱阳湖刀鲚和短颌鲚洄游群体的来源差异有重要启示,为下一步对鄱阳湖洄游群体生物学研究奠定基础。

The intermuscular bones of fish are closely related to their locomotion;the more athletic the fish is,the greater the number of intermuscular bones and the relatively higher the muscle fat content.In order to investigate whether C.brachygnathus exists migratory ecological taxa in Poyang Lake,samples of C.brachygnathus were collected from different sampling sites of Poyang Lake,such as Qianyanqiao.In addition,samples of C.nasus from Zhoushan Shengsi and Qingcaosha Reservoir at the mouth of the Yangtze River were collected in order to investigate the effect of migration on the formation of intermuscular bones of C.nasus.The morphology,number and muscle protein and fat content of medullary arch ossicles and pulse arch ossicles were compared by anatomical method and conventional measurement method.The results showed that:(1)The number of intermuscular bones of C.brachygnathus was the least in the Poyang Lake which was 100.67±6.34;The number of intermuscular bones in Qianyanqiao was the largest which was 127.67±6.18.(2)The intermuscular bone number of C.nasus in Poyang Lake was 129.60±0.98 which was significantly higher than C.brachygnathus of 110.60±2.97.(3)The number of Poyanghu intermuscular bones of the same species was significantly higher than that of 113.67±3.29 intermuscular bones of the Qingcaosha but lower than that of 147.67±3.09 intermuscular bones of Shengsi;(4)The protein content of muscle in the C.nasus in Poyang Lake was lower than that of the C.brachygnathus,and the fat content was higher than that of the C.brachygnathus.Suggesting that the C.nasus need to oscillate more in order to fulfil the needs of long-distance migration and to stimulate more intermuscular spine formation.These results are important for the understanding of the difference in the origin of the migratory populations of C.nasus and C.brachygnathus in Poyang Lake,and lay the foundation for the further research on the biology of the migratory populations in Poyang Lake.