从责任伦理视角反思脑机接口的伦理问题

Reflection on the Ethical Issues of Brain-Computer Interface from the Perspective of Responsibility Ethics

不同于传统技术实践,脑机接口技术突破了形而上学中“人与技术二分”的旧有范式,实现人与技术的深度融合。从责任伦理的视角来看,随着脑机接口技术在康复治疗和生活娱乐等领域的广泛应用,隐私悖论、“技术茧房”、认同困境、责任归因困境等方面的伦理风险逐渐显现。这些潜在伦理风险需要超越传统伦理学中责任“在场”的局限,以一种更为广泛的责任伦理观进行分析。责任伦理是解决脑机接口(BCI)伦理问题的核心伦理,是对BCI技术具有指导意义的一种伦理规范与价值要求。根据责任伦理的内涵,认为需要运用前瞻性和预防性视角,审视脑机接口技术的责任主体、客体和利益相关者的行为动机。基于此,提出将自主性、善、信任与公平纳入前瞻的责任伦理研究中,通过责任归因、技术透明、技术信任和技术公平的伦理原则,增强对技术的敬畏,规范技术相关者的行为;此外,需要结合不同利益相关者的需求,强化科研人员与公众的广泛对话,这样才能突破传统责任伦理的困境,预防技术对人类、未来人类、社会和未来社会的潜在危害。

The rapid development and widespread application of brain-computer interface(BCI)technology,especially in fields such as rehabilitation and entertainment,marks a new stage of deep integration of technology into daily life.This technology has transcended the traditional"man versus technology"paradigm,achieving an unprecedented level of integration of technology with humans.However,this technological advancement also brings new ethical challenges,such as privacy paradoxes,technology-induced isolation,identity and responsibility attribution dilemmas,which urgently need to be examined and addressed from a broader ethical perspective.The ethics of responsibility is the core ethical principle for addressing the ethical issues related to BCI.It serves as an ethical norm and value requirement that provides guidance for BCI technology.From the viewpoint of responsibility ethics,this paper identifies relevant ethical risks based on a review of the basic theoretical framework of responsibility ethics and the practical application scenarios of BCI technology.It employs a forward-looking and preventive perspective to conduct a thorough analysis of the responsibilities of BCI technology's stakeholders,including the principal entities,responsible parties,and interested parties.Finally,it suggests integrating the principles of autonomy,benevolence,trust,and fairness into the study of responsibility ethics and explores and explores regulating the behavior of technology stakeholders through principles such as responsibility attribution,technological transparency,technological trust,and fairness.The research finds that the widespread application of BCI technology has raised a range of complex ethical issues that go beyond the boundaries of traditional responsibility ethics frameworks.To effectively address these challenges,a comprehensive responsibility ethics framework is needed from a forward-looking and preventive perspective.Specifically,ethical principles like autonomy,benevolence,trust,and fairness should be integrated into the design,development,and application of technology,and management of technological transparency and trust should be strengthened.Additionally,enhancing the communication between researchers and the public will help overcome the limitations of traditional responsibility ethics and prevent potential negative impacts of technology on humanity,society,and future generations.