图书馆被诉侵权的胜诉与败诉抗辩策略研究——以信息网络传播权类案为例

Research on Winning and Losing Defense Strategies of Libraries Sued for Infringement:A Case Study of Information Network Transmission Rights

分析信息网络传播权类案件中图书馆被诉侵权的胜诉和败诉抗辩策略,能够为图书馆面临诉讼时提供抗辩要点,进而提高抗辩有效性。以我国信息网络传播权类案件中图书馆被诉侵权的案例为样本,运用扎根理论方法获取176个初始概念、46个范畴和10个主范畴,提炼出图书馆被诉时的抗辩要点并绘制谱系,总结图书馆被诉侵权的抗辩策略。有效抗辩策略的思路是优先考虑不侵权,其次是侵权不判赔:主张已过诉讼时效可一招取胜,主张无权利来源需分类阐释权利具体类型,主张侵权不判赔的制胜关键是主体性质。无效抗辩策略主要体现为认定侵权时抗辩偏离重点且暗含承认,停止侵害时抗辩遗漏关键点且缺乏论证,判处赔偿时抗辩没有针对性且片面化。为提高图书馆可能败诉时的抗辩有效性,提出优化建议:认定侵权时,以权利来源和行为性质为重点,并按照逻辑链条有序展开抗辩;停止侵害时,以主观方面和主体性质为重点,注重全面举证和充分论证;判处赔偿抗辩时,以主体性质和客观方面为重点,分层次阐释以避免抗辩过于片面。

Analyzing the winning and losing defense strategies in cases of libraries being sued for infringement of information network transmission rights provides key defense points that can enhance the effectiveness of defenses when libraries face litigation.Using cases of libraries sued for infringement of information network transmission rights in China as samples,the study applies the grounded theory method to derive 176 initial concepts,46 categories,and 10 main categories.The research extracts key defense points for libraries when sued and maps their genealogy,summarizing the defense strategies used in infringement cases against libraries.The approach to effective defense strategies prioritizes arguing no infringement,followed by arguing infringement without compensation:asserting the expiration of the statute of limitations as a decisive winning tactic,classifying and explaining specific types of rights when claiming no source of rights,and emphasizing the nature of the subjects as the key to successfully arguing for non-compensation despite infringement.Ineffective defense strategies are mainly reflected in defenses that deviate from key points and imply admission when infringement is determined,miss critical points and lack reasoning upon cessation of infringement,and are unfocused and one-sided when awarding compensation.To enhance the effectiveness of the library’s defense in the event of a potential loss,the following optimization suggestions are proposed:when infringement is determined,the library should focus on the source of rights and the nature of the conduct,developing the defense systematically according to a logical sequence;upon cessation of infringement,the library should emphasize subjective aspects and the nature of the subjects,ensuring comprehensive evidence and thorough argumentation;when awarding compensation,the library should concentrate on the nature of the subjects and objective aspects,providing layered explanations to avoid one-sided defenses.