西北旱区玉米籽粒堆积和过筛试验

Experimental Study on Maize Kernel Piling and Sieving in Northwestern Arid Region of China

为了探究西北旱区主要种植玉米品种的堆积和过筛性能,设计及优化了玉米播种和收获装置,对4个玉米品种(‘三保黄金糯’‘东单509’‘大成168’‘铁杆吨玉’)进行参数测定、堆积和过筛试验。堆积试验结果表明,玉米在亚克力板上形成的堆积角基本处于14~19°,在铁板上形成的堆积角基本处于18~21°;同一品种玉米在铁板上形成的堆积角比大于亚克力板。玉米过筛试验结果表明,玉米过筛率的大小与孔的大小呈正相关,‘三保黄金糯’玉米品种的过筛率最大,其次是‘东单509’‘大成168’和‘铁杆吨玉’。筛孔同尺寸条件下玉米籽粒在方孔筛板上过筛率要高于比圆孔;1号收集盒种子质量占比较大,为60%~80%。部分种子掉落2号收集盒,较少种子掉入3号收集盒,极少到进入4号收集盒。

To investigate the piling and sieving performance of the major maize varieties cultivated in the Northwestern arid region,the maize sowing and harvesting devices were designed and optimized,followed by parameter determination,piling and sieving tests using four maize varieties(‘Sambao Huangjinnuo’‘Dongdan 509’‘Dacheng 168’and‘Tiegandunyu’).The piling results showed that maize formed a piling angle ranging from 14-19°on the acrylic plate and 18-21°on iron plates.Moreover,the piling angle on the iron plate was generally greater than on acrylic plates for the same maize variety.Regarding the maize sieving this study found a positive correlation between maize kernel size and hole size,with‘Sanbao Huangjinnuo’exhibting the highest sieving rate,followed by‘Dongdan 509’‘Dacheng 168’and‘Tiegandunyu’.Maize kernels also showed higher sieving rate on square-hole sieve plates compared to plates with round hole of the same size;The seeds in collection box No.1 accounted for a significant proportion,ranging between 60% and 80% of the total weight.Part of the seeds droped into collection box No.2,fewer seeds into collection box No.3,very few into collection box No.4.This study provides a reference for the design of maize-related equipment.