不同种植密度与施肥量对青稞分蘖动态及群体结构的影响

Effects of Different Seeding Densities and Fertilizer Amount Onhulless Barley Tiller Dynamics and Population Structure

为探究施肥量和种植密度互作对青稞分蘖变化、群体结构及产量的影响,以‘昆仑14号’为供试材料,于大田条件下设置不施肥(FC1)、少量施肥(FC2:尿素37.5 kg·hm^(-2)、磷酸二铵75 kg·hm^(-2))、适量施肥(FC3:尿素75 kg·hm^(-2)、磷酸二铵150.0 kg·hm^(-2))和过量施肥(FC4:尿素150.0 kg·hm^(-2)、磷酸二铵300 kg·hm^(-2))4个施肥处理和低密度(LD:播量225 kg·hm^(-2))、中密度(MD:播量262.5 kg·hm^(-2))和高密度(HD:播量300 kg·hm^(-2))3个播种密度处理。结果表明,随着生育期的推进,单株分蘖数随施肥量和播种密度的增加表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且在FC3施肥处理下,青稞分蘖效果最好,在MD播种密度下,FC2处理下的分蘖成穗率最高,为84.69%。与不施肥处理相比,3个肥密互作下的青稞产量增产率分别为4.22%~14.68%、5.17%~8.72%、7.45%~10.21%,穗数、有效穗数、穗粒质量和千粒质量均随施肥量和播种量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。根据产量相关性分析可知,施肥量与有效穗数、穗粒质量呈极显著相关,播种密度与穗数呈极显著相关,肥密互作对穗数呈极显著相关,与株高、千粒质量呈显著相关,有效穗数与ZT/IAA的比值呈显著相关。在本试验条件下,FC3和LD组合是实现青稞促蘖增穗、高产、节本增效的合理肥密运筹方式。

To investigate the impact offertilizer amount and seeding density on tiller changes,population structure,and yield of hulless barley,‘Kunlun 14’was used as the test material,and four fertilization treatments and three seeding density treatments were set under field conditions.The fertilization treatments included no fertilizer(FC1),small amount of fertilizer(FC2:urea 37.5 kg·hm^(-2),diammonium phosphate 75 kg·hm^(-2)),moderate fertilizer(FC3:urea 75 kg·hm^(-2),diammonium phosphate 150.0 kg·hm^(-2))and excessive fertilizer(FC4:urea 150.0 kg·hm^(-2),diammonium phosphate 300 kg·hm^(-2)).The seeding density treatments consisted of low density(LD:sowing rate 225 kg·hm^(-2)),medium density(MD:sowing rate 262.5 kg·hm^(-2))and high density(HD:sowing rate 300 kg·hm^(-2)).The results indicated that with the advance of growth period,the number of tillers per plant initially increased and then decreased with the increase in fertilizer amount and seeding density.The highest tillering effect of hulless barley was observed under the FC3 fertilization treatment,while the highest tillering rate was achieved under the MD seeding density with the FC2 treatment reaching 84.69%.Compared to no fertilization,the yield increase rates for hulless barley varied between 4.22% to 14.68%,5.17% to 8.72%,and 7.45% to 10.21% for the three fertilizer-density interactions,respectively.Spike number,effective spike number,grain mass per spike and thousand-grain mass all increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application and sowing amount.According to the yield correlation analysis,fertilizer amount was highly significantly correlated with the effective number of spikes and spike grain mass,the seeding density was highly significantly correlated with the number of spikes,the fertilizer-density interactions were highly significantly correlated with the number of spikes,significantly correlated with the plant height and the thousand-grain mass,and the effective number of spikes was significantly correlated with the ratio of ZT/IAA.Under the conditions of this study,the combination of FC3 and LD is a reasonable fertilizer-density management method to achieve barley tiller promotion and spike increase,high yield,cost saving and efficiency.