论审美境界

On the Aesthetic Realm

境界是中国美学的一个重要范畴,但学界对于它的含义一直争论不休。境界的基本特征是本真、超越与自由。因为心灵之真,所以能照亮自己与世界;因为超越感官和知识欲望,所以能会通万物,天人合一;因为与物无对,所以能获得一种精神体验的自由。从一定意义上可以说,中国古代美学的发展历程就是从物象、意象到意境、境界的嬗变过程。这是一个从物到心、从主客二分到超主客二分的发展过程,境界的关键就在于它诉诸心灵创造幻化出来的、系乎一心的精神体验超越一切有限性。我们可以通过明月和扁舟两个形象充分理解境界的这一特点。

Realm is an important category in Chinese aesthetics.However,there are many debates about its meaning in the academia.The basic characteristic of realm is:authenticity,transcendence and freedom.Due to the authenticity of mind,it can illuminate itself and the world;due to the transcendence of the senses and the desire for knowledge,it is able to understand all things and unite heaven and man;due to no opposition to things,it can gain the freedom of a spiritual experience.In a certain sense,it can be said that the development of ancient Chinese aesthetics is a process of transmutation from the object image,image to poetic imagery,realm.This is a developing process not only from ob⁃ject to mind,but also from subject-object dichotomy to super-subject-object dichotomy,and the key to the realm lies in the fact that it is created and visualized by the mind,which transcends all the limitations.Through two ima⁃ges of bright moon and open boat,we can fully understand this characteristic of the realm.