基于GC-MS-O技术的景观设计用马尾松木材气味化合物分析

Analysis of Odor-Active Compounds from Pinus massoniana as Materials in Landscape Design Based on GC-MS-O Technology

【目的】鉴定马尾松木材气味化合物及气味特征并分析其来源和释放机制,为马尾松气味数据库的构建及其作为景观木材在景观设计中的科学利用提供指导。【方法】以不同含水率的马尾松心、边材为研究对象,利用气相色谱-质谱-嗅闻(GC-MS-O)技术分析马尾松木材气味化合物释放特性。【结果】马尾松木材常温状态下释放的气味化合物共25种,主要有α-蒎烯(浓松木香)、莰烯(薄荷香,刺激)、柠檬烯(柠檬香,清香)、长叶烯(清凉)和(+)-环苜蓿烯(清香)等。马尾松木材气味化合物主要组分为萜类、醇类、烃类和醛类等,萜类占气味化合物总量的90.99%~96.58%(质量浓度)。马尾松木材气味化合物以薄荷樟脑、清香花香和木香为主,伴有果香和甜香,偶有较弱的杏仁和皮革混合香气味。随着含水率降低,马尾松木材气味化合物总质量浓度和气味强度呈先升后降趋势。边材气味化合物的种类、质量浓度和气味强度大于心材,含水率30%时,边材气味化合物的质量浓度和气味强度分别是心材的6.76和1.77倍。马尾松边材中含萜类、醇类、烃类和醛类等气味化合物,心材中仅萜类和烃类气味化合物稳定存在,偶有少量醇类化合物。单体气味化合物质量浓度与木材含水率相关,但相关性在心、边材中有所不同。单体气味化合物质量浓度与单体气味强度总体呈正相关,但相关系数因化合物种类、木材位置和木材含水率不同差异较大。【结论】薄荷樟脑、清香花香和木香是马尾松木材的主要气味,果香和甜香起气味修饰作用,整体上马尾松木材气味可带给人们舒缓、放松、愉快等心理感受。马尾松木材用作景观材料,对使用者的心理和身体健康均有积极作用,适宜用于大部分城市公园、儿童公园以及疗愈景观中。

【Objective】Identifying the compositions and odor characteristics of odor-active compounds emissions from Pinus massoniana woods,and analyzing sources and release mechanisms will be helpful to provide guidance for the construction of the odor database and scientific utilization of Pinus massoniana woods as materials in landscape design.【Method】Emission characteristics of odor-active compounds from heartwoods and sapwoods with different moisture contents were researched via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry in this paper.【Result】In total,25 substances were successfully identified.The main odorants wereα-pinene(dense pine wood),camphene(mint,pungent),limonene(fresh,lemon),longifolene(cooling)and(+)-cycloisosativene(fresh).The main components of odor compounds from Pinus massoniana woods were terpenoids,alcohols,hydrocarbons and aldehydes.Terpenoids accounted for 90.99%-96.58%of the total odorants,followed by alcohols and hydrocarbons.The odour attributes of Pinus massoniana timbers were mainly mint-camphor,fresh floral and woody aromas,accompanied by fruity and sweet fragrance,and occasionally presented a weak of almond and leather-mixture aroma.With the decrease of moisture content,the total mass concentrations and odor intensities firstly increased and then decreased.The species,concentrations and intensities of odor-active compounds from sapwoods were higher than those from heartwoods.For example,when the moisture content was 30%,concentrations and intensities of odor-active compounds from sapwoods were 6.76 times and 1.77 times of those from heartwoods,respectively.Terpenoids,alcohols,hydrocarbons and aldehydes also existed in sapwoods,whereas only terpenoids and hydrocarbons were detected stably in heartwoods,occasionally followed by a few of alcohols emissions.The concentration of compound monomer was correlated with wood moisture content,and the result for the same substance was different due to the diversity of heartwood and sapwood.In general,there was a positive correlation between the concentration and odor intensity of the same compound monomer,which was related to compound specie,wood location and wood moisture content.【Conclusion】The odour attributes were mainly mint-camphor,fresh floral and woody aromas,modified by fruit and sweet smell,which had relax and happy effect on psychological feeling.Therefore,as the important landscape material,Pinus massoniana wood has a positive effect on the use’s mental and physical health,and is proper for use in most urban parks,children’s parks,and healing landscapes.