不同授粉品种对奥尼尔蓝莓果实品质的影响及综合评价

Effects of different pollinating varieties on fruit quality of O’Neal blueberry and comprehensive evaluation

【目的】探究不同授粉品种对奥尼尔蓝莓果实品质的影响及综合评价,为筛选奥尼尔蓝莓适宜授粉品种,提高蓝莓果实品质及经济效益提供参考依据。【方法】以奥尼尔蓝莓为栽培品种,自花授粉为对照,采用绿宝石、天后、优瑞卡、比洛克西、森兰和莱克西6个品种作为授粉品种为其授粉,采用萌发法测定各品种花粉活力;统计不同授粉品种对奥尼尔蓝莓坐果率的影响,测定不同品种授粉下奥尼尔蓝莓果实的生理指标,包括横径、纵径、单果重和果形指数等果实外观品质指标,果实硬度与可溶性糖、可溶性固形物(TSS)和可滴定酸(TA)含量及固酸比等果实口感品质指标;测定不同品种授粉下奥尼尔蓝莓果实的相关成分含量,包括维生素C、花色苷、类黄酮和总酚含量。通过主成分分析对不同品种授粉下奥尼尔蓝莓果实品质进行综合评价。【结果】7个蓝莓品种花粉活力均良好,为92.49%~97.04%。不同品种授粉的奥尼尔蓝莓的坐果率无显著差异(P>0.05),其中绿宝石授粉的奥尼尔蓝莓坐果率最高,为74.04%。除绿宝石和优瑞卡外,其他异花授粉的奥尼尔蓝莓果实横径、纵径和单果重均显著大于自花授粉(P<0.05,下同);莱克西作为授粉品种的奥尼尔蓝莓果形指数显著小于自花授粉。天后作为授粉品种的奥尼尔蓝莓果实中可溶性糖含量较自花授粉显著增加,莱克西作为授粉品种果实中TSS含量较自花授粉显著增加124.57%;除比洛克西外,其他品种授粉的奥尼尔蓝莓果实中维生素C含量均显著高于自花授粉,其中莱克西授粉的果实中维生素C含量增幅最高;比洛克西、莱克西、绿宝石授粉果实中类黄酮含量较自花授粉分别显著增加160.94%、155.83%和154.91%,比洛克西作为授粉品种对奥尼尔果实的总酚含量增加幅度最大,较自花授粉显著增加141.81%。第一主成分(PC1)和第二主成分(PC2)累计贡献率达79.052%,7个品种综合得分排序为莱克西>天后>比洛克西>森兰>优瑞卡>绿宝石>奥尼尔。【结论】授粉品种对奥尼尔蓝莓果实品质的影响较大,可通过花粉直感效应改善奥尼尔蓝莓果实品质。莱克西和天后作为授粉品种提升奥尼尔果实品质的综合作用最好。

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of different pollinating varieties on fruit quality of O’Neal blueberry and comprehensive evaluation,and to provide reference for selecting suitable pollinated varieties to improve the fruit quality and economic benefits of O’Neal blueberry.【Method】O’Neal blueberry was used as the main variety,with selfpollination as the control.Six other varieties of blueberries,including Emerald,Primadonna,Eureka,Biloxi,Millennia,and Legacy,were used as pollinating varieties for O’Neal.Pollen viability of each variety was determined by germination method.The fruit setting rate of O’Neal blueberry under different pollinating varieties was statistically analyzed.The physiological indexes of O’Neal blueberry pollinated by different varieties were measured,including fruit appearance quality indexes of transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,single fruit weight and fruit shape index,and taste quality indexes of fruit hardness,soluble sugar content,total soluble solids(TSS)content,titratable acid(TA)content and TTS/TA value.O’Neal blueberry fruit related components contents under different pollinating varieties such as the contents of vitamin C,anthocyanins,flavonoids and total phenols.Finally,principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality of O’Neal blueberry under different pollinating varieties.【Result】The pollen viability of the seven blueberry varieties was fine,ranging from 92.49%to 97.04%.There was no significant difference in fruit setting rate of O’Neal blueberries among different pollinating varieties(P>0.05).Among them,the blueberries pollinated by Emerald had the highest fruit setting rate of 74.04%.Except for Emerald and Eureka,the transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter and single fruit weight of other cross-pollinated O’Neal blueberries were significantly higher than those of self-pollinated fruits(P<0.05,the same below).The fruit shape index of Legacy-pollinated O’Neal blueberry fruit was significantly smaller than that of self-pollinated fruits.The soluble sugar content in O’Neal blueberry pollinated by Primadonna was significantly higher than that of self-pollination fruits.The TSS content of O’Neal blueberries pollinated by Legacy was significantly increased by 124.57%compared with that of self-pollination fruits.Except Biloxi,the vitamin C content of O’Neal blueberry fruits pollinated by other varieties was significantly higher than that of selfpollination fruits,and among them,the vitamin C content increase of fruits pollinated by Legacy was the highest.Compared with self-pollination fruits,the flavonoid content of O’Neal blueberry fruits pollinated by Biloxi,Legacy and Emerald significantly increased by 160.94%,155.83%and 154.91%respectively.The total phenol content increase of O’Neal blueburry fruit pollinated by Biloxi was the largest,and increased by 141.81%compared with that of selfpollination fruits.The cumulative contribution rate of the first principal component(PC1)and the second principal component(PC2)reached 79.052%.The comprehensive scores of the seven varieties were ranked as follows:Legacy>Primadonna>Biloxi>Millennia>Eureka>Emerald>O’Neal.【Conclusion】Pollinating varieties have great influence on the fruit quality of O’Neal blueberry.Xenia effect can be used to improve the fruit quality of O’Neal blueberry.Legacy and Primadonna produce the best comprehensive effect on improving the fruit quality of O’Neal blueberry as pollinating varieties.