突发事件应对中个人信息权的限制与保障

Limitations and Protections of Personal Information Rightsin Emergency Responses

目前,个人信息保护的重要性已然形成共识,常态法律秩序下个人信息的公私法保护框架正在成型。然而,在突发事件应对中,个人信息的公共属性被不断放大,以政府为代表的公权力机关不当处理个人信息的情况加剧,常态法律秩序下个人信息保护结构失衡。具体表现为,紧急情况下个人信息权行使的程序特殊性、行政优先性、处置紧急性和救济有限性。为应对上述情况,应当厘清突发事件应对中限缩个人信息权的法理依据和理论边界,在遵循正当原则和明确原则的基础上,逐步确立突发事件应对中特殊的个人信息权保护规则,通过加强个人信息权的防御功能、强调紧急权力的行使规则重新平衡突发事件应对中个人信息保护领域公权力与私权利的关系。

Currently,the importance of personal information protection has reached a consensus,and the framework of public and private law protection of personal information under the normal legal order is taking shape.However,in the context of emergency responses,the public attrutes of personal information are continuously amplified,leading to an increase in improper handling of personal information by public authorities,represented by the government,which disrupts the balance of personal information protection structures under normal legal order.This is specifically manifested in the procedural particularity,administrative priority,urgency disposal,and limited remedies related to the exercise of personal information rights in emergencies.To address these issues,it is essential to clarify the legal basis and theoretical boundaries for limiting personal information rights in emergency responses.Based on adherence to the principles of legitimacy and clarity,special rules for the l protection of personal information rights in emergency responses should be gradually established.By strengthening the defensive function of personal information rights and emphasizing the rules for exercising emergency powers,the relationship between public authority and private rights in the field of personal information protection during emergency responses can be rebalanced.