俗文学中的唐僧对历史玄奘形象的传承与嬗变

From Xuanzang in History to Tang Seng in Popular Culture:The Transmission and Transformation of the Image

历史上的玄奘形象经历了由史传到诗话,再到俗文学创作的递嬗过程。玄奘形象的传承嬗变与不同文体的具体要求、文变时序的时代影响以及剧作家的个人境遇有关,这些原因导致了历史上的玄奘与元明清俗文学中的唐僧形象存在差异,同时不同文体之间的唐僧形象也存在很大差异。不同时代的文化思潮之间既有纵向的传承与变异,又有横向的渗透和交融,这种演进是多元而动态的,甚至延续到晚清民国时期地方戏中唐僧形象的建构,这反映了中国俗文学中的人物形象由雅趋俗、雅俗共荣的发展规律。

The portrayal of Xuanzang in history underwent a gradual process of change from historical records to poetic discussions and further to works of popular literature.The transmission and transformation of the Xuanzang image was associated with the specific requirements of different literary genres,the influence of literary change in different historical periods,and the personal experiences of playwrights.These factors resulted in differences between the image of Xuanzang in history and that of Tang Seng in popular literature of the Yuan,Ming,and Qing dynasties,with significant variations also in the image of Tang Seng across different literary genres.Between the cultural trends of thought of different eras was not just vertical transmission and variation but horizontal infiltration and blending.This dynamic and diverse evolution extended even into the construction of the Tang Seng image in regional plays during the late Qing and Republican periods,reflecting the developmental pattern of Chinese popular literature where the image of characters changed from refined to popular,with an emphasis on the coexistence of refinement and popularity.