上海市宝山区中小学生超重肥胖与视力不良流行趋势及其相关性研究

Prevalence and correlation between overweight and obesity and poor vision among primary and middle school students in Baoshan District,Shanghai

目的了解2013—2019年上海市宝山区中小学生超重肥胖和视力不良流行趋势及其相关性,为预防中小学生超重肥胖和视力不良提供依据。方法基于2013—2019年上海市宝山区中小学生体检数据,选取资料完整的507993名中小学生作为研究对象,其中男269327人(53.0%)、女238666人(47.0%),小学330621人(65.0%)、初中131796人(25.9%)、高中45576人(8.9%)。分析中小学生超重肥胖和视力不良流行趋势及其相关性,趋势分析采用趋势卡方检验,组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。结果2013—2019年中小学生超重肥胖和视力不良检出率均呈上升趋势(均P<0.001)。小学生超重肥胖率[35.47%(117272/330621)]高于初中生[31.88%(42010/131796)]和高中生[27.39%(12485/45576)](P<0.001),男生超重肥胖率[40.37%(108725/269327)]高于女生[26.41%(63042/238666)](P<0.001)。高中生视力不良率[89.13%(40623/45576)]高于小学生[51.08%(168877/330621)]和初中生[79.72%(105065/131796)](P<0.001),女生视力不良率[64.02%(155191/238666)]高于男生[59.17%(159374/269327)](P<0.001)。小学生超重/肥胖者中度视力不良检出率较高[20.19%(11173/55343)、20.73%(12833/61919)],初中生和高中生超重/肥胖者重度视力不良检出率较高[初中生:51.70%(11790/22804),49.31%(9471/19206);高中生:69.86%(5422/7761),68.88%(3254/4724)]。结论2013—2019年上海市宝山区中小学生超重肥胖和视力不良检出率呈上升趋势,且超重肥胖与视力不良存在相关性,应采取综合防控措施。

Objective To understand the prevalence trends and correlations of overweight and obesity and poor vision among primary and middle school students in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2019,and to provide evidence for the prevention of overweight,obesity,and poor vision among primary and middle school students.Methods Based on the physical examination data of primary and middle school students in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2019,507993 primary and middle school students with complete data were selected as the research objects,including 269327 boys(53.0%)and 238666 girls(47.0%),330621 students(65.0%)in primary schools,131796 students(25.9%)in junior middle schools,and 45576 students(8.9%)in senior middle schools.The prevalence and correlation of overweight and obesity and poor vision among primary and middle school students were analyzed.Trend Chi-square test was used for trend analysis,and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between groups.Results From 2013 to 2019,the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity and poor vision among primary and middle school students showed an increasing trend(both P<0.001).The rate of overweight and obesity of the primary school students[35.47%(117272/330621)]was higher than that of the junior middle school students[31.88%(42010/131796)]and senior middle school students[27.39%(12485/45576)](P<0.001).The rate of overweight and obesity of the boys[40.37%(108725/269327)]was higher than that of the girls[26.41%(63042/238666)](P<0.001).The rate of poor vision in the senior middle school students[89.13%(40623/45576)]was higher than that in the primary school students[51.08%(168877/330621)]and junior middle school students[79.72%(105065/131796)](P<0.001).The rate of poor vision in the girls[64.02%(155191/238666)]was higher than that in the boys[59.17%(159374/269327)](P<0.001).The rate of moderate poor vision was higher among overweight/obese primary school students[20.19%(11173/55343)and 20.73%(12833/61919)],and the rate of severe poor vision was higher among overweight/obese junior and senior middle school students[junior middle school students:51.70%(11790/22804)and 49.31%(9471/19206);senior middle school students:69.86%(5422/7761)and 68.88%(3254/4724)].Conclusions The prevalence of overweight and obesity and poor vision among primary and middle school students in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 showed an increasing trend,and there was a correlation between overweight and obesity and poor vision.Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken.