食源性活性物质稳态化及靶向递送载体的研究进展

Research Progress on the Stabilization and Targeted Delivery Carriers for Food Bioactive Compounds

食源性活性物质例如多酚、类胡萝卜素、功能蛋白、不饱和脂肪酸等,因具有多种生物活性而作为功能食品开发的重要组分。然而,由于这些活性物质具有难溶于水、稳定性差和肠道吸收率低等问题,导致其在食品工业中的应用受到了限制。研究人员利用天然食品大分子构建递送载体,以提高活性物质的溶解性、稳定性和肠道吸收率。作为新型递送系统,智能响应型递送释放和定向载体可实现活性物质的精准靶向递送和可控释放,从而提高其生物利用率。此外,递送载体还能有效提高功能食品的营养附加值、改善感官特性和延长货架期。本综述探讨食源性活性物质的功能性质、应用难题以及稳态化递送策略,重点阐述目前常见的智能响应型递送载体的类型和作用机理。最后讨论递送载体在功能食品中的应用,并对未来食源性活性物质递送系统的研究进行展望。

Food bioactive compounds,such as polyphenols,carotenoids,functional proteins and unsaturated fatty acids,have been used as important ingredients of functional foods due to their diverse biological activities.However,the low aqueous solubility,poor stability and limited bioavailability of these compounds limit their applications in the food industry.The preparation of delivery carriers from natural food macromolecules offers a promising approach to enhance the solubility,stability,and bioavailability of bioactive compounds.As a novel delivery system,intelligent responsive delivery carriers enable precise targeted and controlled release of bioactive compounds,thus improving their bioavailability.In addition,the delivery carriers have the capacity to effectively improve the added nutritional value,enhance the sensory properties,and extend the shelf life of functional foods.This review summarizes the functional properties of food bioactive compounds,the challenges in their application and their steady-state delivery strategies,with a particular emphasis on the common intelligent responsive delivery carriers and their mechanisms of action.Finally,this article discusses the application of these delivery carriers in functional foods,and provides an outlook on future research on bioactive compound delivery systems.