基于虚拟现实的体育场馆光环境视觉舒适研究——以篮球场地为例

Research on visual comfort of stadium light environment based on virtual reality:A case study of basketball court

《体育场馆照明设计及检测标准》(JGJ 153—2016)规定的参数主要面向比赛场地电视转播需求,对于现场人员的视觉舒适感受仅通过眩光指数GR约束.“明暗对比”也是影响视觉舒适的重要因素,但目前针对体育场馆光环境的明暗对比度尚不明确.基于此,提出以明暗对比度对运动员及观众的视觉舒适感受影响为研究对象,以篮球场地为例,采用虚拟现实技术,通过改变比赛场地与观众席区域的明暗对比,探究不同光环境及观察位置下人的视觉舒适感受变化规律.针对探究结果,提出采用基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的照明逆设计方法,营造考虑视觉舒适前后的体育场馆光环境,完成了视觉舒适评价实验.结果表明,当观众席与比赛场地主摄像机方向垂直照度比例0.3~0.5时,观众及运动员能获得比较舒适的视觉感受,当该比例为0.4时,视觉感受最舒适.照明设计加入该条件后,有约80%的受试者视觉舒适感受得到了明显提升,验证了在体育场馆照明设计中加入所提舒适条件的合理性,对体育场馆照明设计具有一定借鉴意义.

The parameters specified in the lighting design standard for sports venues(JGJ153-2016)are mainly aimed at the television broadcasting needs of the competition venue,and the visual comfort of on-site personnel is only constrained by the glare index GR.The contrast between light and dark is also an important factor affecting visual comfort,but the contrast between light and dark in the lighting environment of sports venues is currently unclear.Therefore,this article proposes to take the impact of light and dark contrast on the visual comfort of athletes and spectators as the research object.Taking basketball mode as an example,virtual reality technology is used to explore the changes in visual comfort of people in different light environments and observation positions by changing the light and dark contrast between the competition venue and the audience area.Based on the exploration results,a lighting inverse design method based on NSGA-II algorithm is proposed to create a lighting environment for sports venues before and after considering visual comfort,and visual comfort evaluation experiments are completed.The results show that when the vertical illumination ratio between the audience seat and the main camera direction of the competition venue is within the range of 0.3-0.5,the audience and athletes can obtain a relatively comfortable visual experience.When the ratio is 0.4,the visual experience is the most comfortable.After adding this condition to the lighting design,about 80%of the participants′visual comfort experience is significantly improved,which verifies the rationality of adding the comfort conditions in sports venue lighting design.The results of this study have certain reference significance for the lighting design of sports venues.