出《庄》 近《骚》 效汉——祝尧《古赋辨体》对李白赋的解读

Deriving from Zhuangzi,Resembling Li Sao,and Imitating the Han Fu:The Interpreting Libai's Fu of Zhu Yao's Discrimination of Ancient Fu

祝尧《古赋辨体》将赋分为“楚辞体”“两汉体”“三国六朝体”“唐体”“宋体”五体,提出“祖骚宗汉”“赋兼六义”等赋学理论,成为继刘勰《文心雕龙》之后的又一赋学研究理论巨著。《古赋辨体》对李白赋极为关注,谓李白赋有三个鲜明特色,即出于《庄》,近于《骚》,仿于汉,终为“六朝赋尔”。细究李白诸赋,其篇章句法、语词、名物等方面确有上述三者之迹,亦有六朝赋骈对之风,但李白更多地是对《庄》《骚》和汉赋三者的破创而自得一体,具体而言,其赋作融《庄》《骚》之哲韵,效汉魏之体式,既非骚体,亦非汉赋,更不在唐代律赋或六朝骈文之列。总而言之,祝尧《古赋辨体》对李白赋的解读,中肯处颇多,不足处亦不少,然无论是得是失,对于后世之人欣赏和研究李白赋作,其参考和借鉴意义无疑是十分巨大的。

In Discrimination of Ancient Fu by Zhu Yao,the genre of"Fu"is divided into five types:"Chuci Style","Two Han Style","Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties Style","Tang Style",and and the theories of"regarding the Sao and Han-style Fu as model"and"Fu incorporates six meanings"are proposed,making it another monumental work in the study of Fu after Liu Xie's Wenxin Diaolong.Discrimination of Ancient Fu pays great attention to Li Bai's Fu.In this book,Zhu Yao said that Li Bai's Fu had three distinctive features,namely,"deriving from Zhuangzi","resembling Li Sao",and"imitating the Han Fu",ultimately becoming a part of the"Six Dynasties Fu".Upon close examination,there are indeed traces of these three elements in terms of structure,vocabulary,and named objects in Li Bai's Fu.It also exhibits the parallelism characteristic of the Six Dynasties Fu.However,Li Bai's Fu is more of a creative departure from Zhuangzi,Li Sao,and Han Fu,thus forming a unique style.It integrates the philosophical elegance of Zhuangzi and Li Sao,and emulates the structure of Han and Wei literature.It is neither strictly Li Sao nor Han Fu and does not fit into the category of Tang regulated Fu or Six Dynasties parallel prose.All in all,Zhu Yao's Discrimination of Ancient Fu interprets Li Bai's Fu in many pertinent places,but also in many insufficient places.However,no matter whether it is a gain or a loss,it is undoubtedly of great significance for future generations to appreciate and study Li Bai's Fu for their references and lessons.