论清华简《子产》篇的法政思想及其学派归属

An Interpretation of the Legal and Political Thoughts in Chapter of Zichan in the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips and Its School Attribution

清华简《子产》篇是一篇抄录于战国中期的古文献,主要记载郑国执政子产的道德修养、施政业绩及法政思想。简文围绕“得民”这一核心观点展开论说,内容涉及“修身”“为政”“任贤”“制法”等多个层面;其法政思想的基本理念可以概括为“政在得民”“得民以信”“取处于身”“固身谨信”“求贤用法”。通览全文,《子产》篇整体上表现出明显的传统儒家“效法先王”“为政在人”“以身治国”的政治治理模式,与黄老之学所主张的“效法天地”“政在道法”“以法治国”的政治治理模式明显不同。因此,虽不能确证其为传统儒家的早期文献,但其思想倾向应是以传统儒家思想为主。

The chapter of Zichan from the Tsinghua Bmboo Slips is an ancient document formed in the middle of the Warring States Period.It principally records the self-cultivation,administration measures and the legal and political thoughts of Zichan,a famous praetor in Zheng State.The text focuses on the core point of"wining the people's support"and covers many aspects such as self-cultivation,doing politics,appointing the sage and making laws.The basic conceptions of its legal and political thoughts can be summarized as"government is based on winning the people""winning the people with trust""taking the honor from the body""fixing the body and keeping the trust""seek the wise and use the law"and so on.An overview of the full text reveals that the chapter of Zichan shares high similarity with the traditional Confucian political governance model of"administrated by humanity"and"rule by humanity",which is quite different from the political governance model of"administrated by Tao-law"and"rule by law"proposed by the Huang-Lao Taoism.Therefore,although it cannot be confirmed as the early literature of traditional Confucianism,its ideological tendency should be based on traditional Confucian.