法条授权行政立法的规范化

Standardization of Statutory Authorization in Administrative Legislation

全国人大及其常委会授权行政立法可以通过决定授权与法条授权两种方式。决定授权受到立法法的严格规范,而法条授权则缺少基本的规范约束。在我国立法实践中,法条授权面广量大,授权立法的事项远比决定授权更为广泛和复杂,且创制性授权立法与执行性授权立法难以区分。规范法条授权立法已成为法治国家建设中的重要课题,影响相对人权利义务的创制性授权立法尤其需被重点规范。针对宪法、法律规定的法律保留事项的法条授权,应当适用立法法关于决定授权的规定加以规范;针对因法律制定而产生的保留事项的法条授权,应当参照适用立法法有关决定授权的规定。为规范授权行为、防止过度授权,法条授权行政立法应当遵循必要性原则、明确性原则和审慎授权原则。

The National People's Congress and its Standing Committee delegate administrative legislation through decision-based authorization and statutory authorization.The former is strictly regulated by the Legislation Law while the latter is not subject to even the fundamental regulation and restraint.In China's legislative practice,statutory authorization is extensive and numerous,covering far broader and more complex matters than decision-based authorization and it is also difficult to distinguish between creative and executive authorized legislation.Regulating statutory delegated legislation has become a crucial issue in the construction of a law-based state.Particularly,creative statutory delegated legislation,which affects the rights and obligations of interested parties,requires special regulation.Statutory delegated legislation on matters relating to legal reservations provided for in the Constitution and laws should be regulated in accordance with the provisions on decision-based authorized legislation in the Legislation Law.For statutory delegated legislation arising from the enactment of laws,the provisions of the Legislation Law on decision-based delegated legislation should apply mutatis mutandis.To regulate the act of delegated legislation and prevent excessive delegation,the principles of necessity,clarity,and prudence should be adhered to in statutory delegated administrative legislation.