新型冠状病毒感染轻症患者居家用药情况调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of the home medication of patients with mild COVID-19 infection

目的通过调查新型冠状病毒感染轻症患者居家用药情况,分析不合理用药情况并提出用药建议。方法以问卷调查形式收集851例新型冠状病毒感染轻症患者的信息,回顾性分析患者的基本信息、临床症状、居家用药情况及不合理用药情况。结果851例新型冠状病毒感染轻症患者中,19~35岁年龄段患者占比最高(59.58%)。202例(23.74%)完成2针新型冠状病毒疫苗接种;635例(74.62%)完成3针新型冠状病毒疫苗接种,接种率达98.36%(837/851)。65例(7.64%)合并基础疾病或处于特殊时期。患者出现不同程度全身症状:发热(727例,85.43%)、乏力(596例,70.04%)、肌肉酸痛(490例,57.58%)、嗜睡(356例,41.83%);825例(96.94%)伴有呼吸系统症状;638例(74.97%)有感觉症状;206例(24.21%)伴有消化系统症状。居家用药中,缓解发热疼痛用药以布洛芬类占比最高(51.70%),其次是对乙酰氨基酚类(43.95%)、中成药(26.67%)、其他药物(6.93%)。499例新型冠状病毒感染轻症患者存在不合理用药情况:253例(50.70%)用法用量不当;150例(30.06%)适应证不当;140例(28.06%)联合用药不适宜。结论新型冠状病毒轻症患者居家用药主要选择非甾体类消炎药(NSAIDs),用法与用量不适宜为不合理用药的主要原因。

Objective To investigate the home medication of patients with mild COVID-19 infection,analyze the irrational medication and propose medication recommendations.Methods Information on 851 patients with mild COVID-19 infection was collected by questionnaire,and their basic information,clinical symptoms,home medication,and unreasonable medication use were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 851 patients with mild COVID-19 infection,patients aged 19-35 years accounted for the highest proportion(59.58%).2 doses of COVID vaccination were completed in 202 cases(23.74%);3 doses of COVID vaccination were completed in 635 cases(74.62%),with a vaccination rate of 98.36%(837/851).65 cases(7.64%)had a combination of underlying diseases or were in a special period.Patients presented with varying degrees of systemic symptoms:fever(727 cases,85.43%),fatigue(596 cases,70.04%),muscle soreness(490 cases,57.58%),and lethargy(356 cases,41.83%);825 cases(96.94%)were accompanied by respiratory symptoms;638 cases(74.97%)had sensory symptoms;206 cases(24.21%)were accompanied by digestive symptoms.Among home medications,ibuprofen accounted for the highest percentage(51.70%)for relieving fever and pain,followed by acetaminophen(43.95%),Chinese patent drug(26.67%),and other medications(6.93%).499 patients with mild COVID-19 infection had unreasonable medication use:253 cases(50.70%)had inappropriate usage and dosage,150 cases(30.06%)had inappropriate indications,and 140 cases(28.06%)had inappropriate combination medication.Conclusion Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)are the main home medication by patients with mild COVID-19 infection,and inappropriate usage and dosage constitute the main reason for unreasonable medication use.