复杂系统与智能涌现:未来数字法研究的范式图景

The Complex Systems and Intelligence Emergence: A Paradigm for Future Digital Law Research

当前数字法研究落后于数字技术的发展,主要原因在于研究范式相对陈旧且未及时更新。现有数字法研究沿袭了传统法学的研究范式,即坚持还原论、“主客二分”和线性思维等基本观念和方法,导致了对数字系统的整体性、信息运行规律的独特性以及信息在“主客体”之间所具有的超然地位等方面,存在认知不足的问题。基于数字系统与线下社会生活系统同属于现当代复杂性科学所称之“复杂系统”,复杂性理论对于数字法的研究具有重要的借鉴意义,其中复杂系统理论中关于“自组织”“自适应”和“涌现”等现象的理论研究范式,契合当前数字系统和线下社会系统的发展和演化规律,故具有在此基础上探讨建立未来数字法研究范式的可能性。为建立数字法研究范式,首先应当明确数字法所依赖的系统性环境特征,即数字环境具有技术性、公开分享性、公共性、服务性和安全性等鲜明系统特征,进而可以初步设想未来数字法的研究方法,即可以采取还原论和整体性的结合、技术和法律的结合、实证主义和理性主义的结合以及“人”和“机器”的结合等方法。

The current research on digital law lags behind the development of digital technology, and the main reason is that the research paradigm is relatively obsolete and not updated in time. Existing digital research followes the traditional legal paradigm, namely reductionism, “ binary of subject and object”, linear thinking and other basic ideas and methods, which in consequence leads to the problem of cognitive problems about the integrity of the digital system, the uniqueness of information operation law and information, and the transcendent status of information in the “binary of subject and object” and etc. Tanking into consideration of the fact that both the digital system and offline social life system fall into “ complex system” of the modern and contemporary complexity science, the complexity theory has important significance for the study of digital law, among which the theory and new paradigm about “self-organization”, “self-adaption” and “ emergence”phenomenon, suit the development and evolution of the current digital system and offline social system, it therefore can be a starting point to explore the possibility of establishing future digital law research paradigm.To establish digital law research paradigm, it should first be clear about the systemic environmental characteristics upon which the digital law depends, namely the digital environment with technical, public sharing,public, service and security system characteristics, and then it can put forward preliminary idea about the future research paradigm of digital law, namely the combination of reductionism and integrity, the combination of technology and law, the combination of positivism and rationalism and the combination of “man” and “machine”.