《民法典》第322条(添附)评注

Comments on Article 322 of the Civil Code(Additions)

《民法典》第322条旨在确定因添附产生之新物之归属,并调整由此衍生之求偿关系。新物所有权之原始取得,须由法律确定,非属私法自治之范畴,当事人之“约定”仅得针对新物所有权之继受取得。由于本条第1句仅规定“按照充分发挥物的效用以及保护无过错当事人的原则”确定新物之初始归属,未对加工、附合、混合之构成要件及法效果作出明确规定,故法院须参酌学说,综合考量效率、公平等因素,结合具体案情作出判断。本条第2句为参引规范,旨在调整因添附衍生之求偿关系,其中“补偿”指向非给付型不当得利返还请求权,“赔偿”则指向侵权损害赔偿请求权、违约损害赔偿请求权等。

Article 322 of the Civil Code aims to determine the ownership of new things arising from additions and adjust the claims arising from them.The original acquisition of ownership of new things must be determined by law and is not within the scope of private autonomy.The“agreement”of the parties can only apply to the subsequent acquisition of ownership of new things.Due to the fact that the first sentence of this article only stipulates that the initial ownership of the new property shall be determined based on the principle of fully utilizing the utility of things and protecting innocent parties,and does not make clear provisions on the constituent elements and legal effects of processing,combining and mixing,the court must absorb relevant theories,comprehensively consider factors such as efficiency and fairness,and make a judgment based on the specific case.The second sentence of this article is a reference provision aimed at adjusting claims derived from additions.“Compensation”refers to the right to claim non-performance unjust enrichment,while“indemnity”refers to rights to claim tortious damages,breach of contract damages,etc.