智慧城市建设能促进普惠共享吗?——基于数字鸿沟的思考

Can the construction of smart cities promote inclusive sharing?Thinking based on the digital divide

“总体富裕”和“普惠共享”是共同富裕的重要内涵,智慧城市建设对总体富裕的正向贡献已得到广泛论证,对普惠共享的影响却尚未有明确定论。基于数字鸿沟进行思考,认为数字资源分配不均引致的数字接入鸿沟以及数字技术偏向性引致的数字使用鸿沟,是智慧城市建设进程中阻碍普惠共享的根本原因,并从政府、企业、劳动力角度阐述了智慧城市建设影响普惠共享的理论机制。进一步地,从城乡差距、区域差距、公共服务普惠三个维度测度了普惠共享,利用双固定多时点双重差分模型评估了智慧城市试点政策对普惠共享的因果效应。研究发现,智慧城市建设对普惠共享具有显著的负向影响。异质性分析显示,智慧城市建设对南方和非城市群城市的普惠共享水平存在抑制作用,且对普惠共享的区域差距维度具有扩大作用。机制检验表明,智慧城市建设通过加强数字政府建设、企业数字创新以及数字人才集聚的数字鸿沟效应,进而抑制普惠共享。为此,需要在智慧城市建设中更加重视数字鸿沟问题,否则其会成为推进共同富裕的巨大阻碍。

"General prosperity"and"inclusive sharing"are essential connotations of common prosperity.The positive contribution of smart cities to general prosperity has been widely demonstrated,but the evidence on the impact of inclusive sharing is inconclusive.Based on the thinking of digital divide,the study argues that the digital-access divide caused by the unequal distribution of digital resources and the digital-use divide caused by digital technology bias are the fundamental hindrances to inclusive sharing in the process of smart city construction.The study develops the theoretical mechanism by which the construction of smart cities impacts inclusive sharing from the perspectives of government,enterprise,and labor.Inclusive sharing is measured along three dimensions:the urban-rural gap,the regional gap,and public-service inclusiveness.The causal effect of smart city pilot policies on inclusive sharing is evaluated using a double-fixed staggered difference-in-differences model.The study finds that the construction of smart cities has a significant negative impact on inclusive sharing.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the construction of smart cities has a significant inhibitory effect on the level of inclusive sharing in cities in the southern region and in non-urban agglomerations,and it widens the regional gap of inclusive sharing.Mechanism testing shows that the construction of smart cities inhibits inclusive sharing by strengthening the digital-divide effect of digital government construction,enterprise digital innovation,and digital-talent agglomeration.It shows that we need to pay greater attention to the digital divide in the construction of smart cities,or it will become a huge obstacle to promoting common prosperity.