‘霞多丽’和‘维欧尼’2个酿酒白葡萄品种的品质性状分析

Analysis of quality traits in two winemaking white grape varieties‘Chardonnay’and‘Viognier’

[目的]本文旨在研究‘霞多丽’和‘维欧尼’2个酿酒白葡萄品种在乳山地区的品质特征,为白葡萄酒酿酒品种的利用、引种推广等提供一定的理论依据。[方法]以‘霞多丽’和‘维欧尼’为试验材料,对二者转色期和成熟期果实品质性状进行分析,并对转色期与成熟期的果实进行转录组测序。[结果]在成熟期,‘维欧尼’的粒重、横径、纵径、总酚含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性固形物(TSS)含量较高,‘霞多丽’的总有机酸含量较高。从转色期到成熟期,‘维欧尼’较‘霞多丽’的可溶性糖含量、TSS和总酚含量变化程度更大,且在糖组分中,果糖和葡萄糖含量变化更快,其他性状变化程度相似。转录组分析结果表明,‘维欧尼’从转色期到成熟期的差异表达基因(DEG)数量高于‘霞多丽’。二者的差异表达基因都在18号染色体上分布最多,在15号染色体上分布最少。此外,通过对差异表达基因GO功能分析和KEGG代谢通路分析,筛选到5个与糖酸代谢相关的基因代谢通路。[结论]不同时期的2个白葡萄酿酒品种果实品质具有差异性,主要表现在果实的总有机酸、可溶性糖、TSS、总酚含量和横、纵径等方面;从转色期到成熟期,‘维欧尼’的果实性状发育比‘霞多丽’更快。2个品种在糖酸合成代谢通路上相关基因表达量的差异性可能是导致2个白葡萄酿酒品种果实品质性状差异的原因。

[Objectives]This paper aimed to explore the quality traits of‘Chardonnay’and‘Viognier’,two winemaking white grape varieties in Rushan area,in order to provide certain theoretical basis for the utilization,introduction and promotion of white winemaking varieties.[Methods]‘Chardonnay’and‘Viognier’were used as the test materials,and the quality traits of fruits were analyzed in the veraison stage and maturity stage,and the transcriptome sequencing was performed on the fruits in the veraison stage and maturity stage.[Results]At the maturity stage,‘Viognier’was higher in grain weight,transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,total phenolic content,soluble sugar content and total soluble solids(TSS)content,and‘Chardonnay’was higher in total organic acid content.From the veraison stage to maturity stage,the soluble sugar,TSS and total phenol contents in‘Viognier’changed more rapidly than‘Chardonnay’.Among the sugar fractions,fructose and glucose content changed more rapidly,while other traits showed similar changes.The results of transcriptome analysis showed that the number of differentially expressed genes(DEG)was higher in‘Viognier’than in‘Chardonnay’from the veraison stage to maturity stage.Both differentially expressed genes were most distributed on chromosome 18 and least distributed on chromosome 15.In addition,the metabolic pathways of genes related to glycolate metabolism were screened by GO functional analysis and KEGG metabolic pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes.[Conclusions]There were differences in fruit quality between two white grape varieties in different periods,mainly in terms of total organic acid content,soluble sugar content,TSS content,total phenol contents and transverse and longitudinal diameter of the fruit.From the veraison stage to maturity stage,the development of fruit traits in‘Viognier’was faster than that of‘Chardonnay’.The differences in the expression levels of related genes in the glycolic acid anabolic pathway between two varieties might be the reason for the differences in fruit quality traits between two white grape varieties.