基于MIMU与Wi-Fi的普适室内定位方法综述

Review of ubiquitous indoor positioning methods based on MIMU and Wi-Fi

室内导航定位作为城市数字化转型的重要基石和关键技术之一,在智慧城市发展建设的过程中起到至关重要的作用。然而,受复杂多变的室内环境、空间结构布局及室内行人活动等影响,实现准确可靠、普适泛在的室内定位,满足大众化的定位需求,有效助力智慧城市发展仍面临很大的挑战。其中,基于微惯性测量单元(MIMU)的航位推算定位方法具有体积小、成本低、自主性强及实时性高等特点,且现有无线保真(Wi-Fi)信号覆盖广泛,无需额外布设设备,使得基于MIMU与Wi-Fi的室内定位技术因具有广泛的研究价值和意义而受到广泛关注。主要围绕基于MIMU与Wi-Fi的室内定位方法进行综述。首先,分类阐述了基于MIMU的室内定位方法原理,并概括了其存在的问题及研究现状;其次,分析了基于Wi-Fi的室内定位方法研究的局限性与面临的挑战,重点总结了基于机器学习的Wi-Fi指纹室内定位方法研究现状;再次,系统对比分析了现有的基于MIMU与Wi-Fi的融合定位方法,考虑了其优缺点及各自的适用性;最后,对基于MIMU与Wi-Fi的定位方法未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Indoor navigation and positioning,as an important cornerstone and one of the key technologies of urban digital transformation,plays a crucial role in the development and construction of smart cities.However,due to the complex and ever-changing indoor environment,spatial structure layout,indoor pedestrian activities,etc.,achieving accurate,reliable and universal indoor positioning to meet the needs of mass positioning and effectively promote the development of smart cities still faces great challenges.With the advantages of the dead reckoning positioning method based on micro-inertial measurement units(MIMU),including small size,low cost,strong autonomy and high real-time performance,as well as the widespread coverage of existing Wi-Fi signals that do not require additional equipment deployment,indoor positioning technology based on MIMU and Wi-Fi has gained significant attention for its extensive research value and significance.The indoor positioning methods based on MIMU and Wi-Fi are mainly reviewed.Firstly,the principle of MIMU-based indoor positioning methods is classified and explained,and the problems and research status of MIMU-based indoor positioning are summarized.Secondly,the limitations and challenges of Wi-Fi-based indoor positioning methods are analyzed,with a focus on summarizing the current research status of machine-learning-based Wi-Fi fingerprint indoor positioning methods.Thirdly,the existing fusion positioning methods based on MIMU and Wi-Fi are systematically compared and analyzed by considering their advantages,disadvantages,and applications respectively.Finally,the future development trends of MIMU and Wi-Fi based positioning methods are prospected.