亮斑扁角水虻幼虫代替豆粕对北京鸭生长发育和血清生化指标的影响

Effects of Hermetia illucens larvae instead of soybean meal on growth, development and serum biochemical indexes of Pekin ducks

选取150只1日龄的北京鸭,将其随机分为3组,分别在其常规饲料中添加0、10%和30%的干亮斑扁角水虻幼虫(BSFL),利用等氮等能的标准,根据蛋白能量差减去相应的豆粕含量配制BSFL蛋白饲料进行饲喂(依次简记为CK、T1、T2组),42 d后测定其生长性能、屠宰性状、脏器系数、肉质性状和血清生化指标的变化。结果表明:各组北京鸭的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比、屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腹脂率、腿肌率、胸肌率均无显著差异。与CK相比,T1、T2组北京鸭的脾(脏)系数显著(P<0.05)提高0.01百分点,T1组肾脏系数显著提高0.08百分点,但心、肝、肺的脏器系数无显著差异。T1组北京鸭的胸肌黄度(b^(*))值较CK显著降低,但3组的其余肉质性状检测指标均无显著差异。T1组北京鸭的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性分别较CK显著降低22.02%、21.42%,但3组北京鸭的其余血清生化指标均无显著差异。与CK相比,T1组北京鸭血清的补体C3、补体C4、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量均显著升高,T2组北京鸭血清中的sIgA、IL-2和C3含量显著升高。总的来看,用10%或30%的BSFL代替豆粕作为家禽饲料的蛋白质对北京鸭进行饲喂具有可行性。

In the present study,1501-d-age Pekin ducks were randomly divided into three groups.In accordance,0,10%and 30%dry Hermetia illucens larvae(BSFL)were added to the conventional feed by subtracting the corresponding soybean meal content from the protein energy difference of equal nitrogen and equal energy,which were used to feed the Pekin ducks,and the correspoding groups were marked as CK,T1 and T2,respecitvely,for short.The growth performance,slaughter traits,organs indexes,meat quality traits and serum biochemical indexes of these Pekin ducks were determined after 42 days.It was shown that there was no significant difference in the average daily gain,average daily feed intake,feed conversion ratio,slaughter rate,half carcass rate,whole carcass rate,pectoral muscle rate,leg muscle rate,abdominal fat rate among three groups.Compared with the CK,the spleen index of T1 and T2 groups was significantly(P<0.05)increased by 0.01 percentage points,and the kidney index of T1 group was significantly increased by 0.08 percentage points,yet there was no significant difference in the heart index,liver index and lung index within three groups.The yellowness(b)of Pekin ducks in T1 group was significantly lower thann that of CK,but there was no significant difference in the other meat quality traits within three groups.The alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and acid phosphatase(ACP)activities in the serum of Pekin ducks in T1 group was significantly decreased by 22.02%,21.42%,respectively,yet there was no significant difference in the other serum biochemical indexes within three groups.Compared with the CK,the contents of complement component 3(C3),complement component 4(C4),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2),immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)in the serum of Pekin ducks in the T1 group were all significantly enhanced,and the contents of sIgA,IL-2 and C3 in the serum of Pekin ducks in the T2 group were also signicantly increased.In general,it could work for Peking ducks by addition of 10%or 30%BSFL replacing soybean meal as protein in the feed.