四个蛋鸭品种产蛋性能及抗逆性分析

Analysis on egg-laying performance and stress resistance of four egg duck breeds

为对比绍兴鸭、攸县麻鸭、山麻鸭及缙云麻鸭4个蛋鸭品种产蛋及抗逆性能差异,进一步优化地方特色蛋鸭育种目标,该研究对我国4个品种蛋鸭的产蛋性能进行比较分析。结果表明,攸县麻鸭开产(116.71 d)最早,且极显著早于绍兴鸭(P<0.01);山麻鸭43周龄产蛋量最高,显著高于其他3个品种(P<0.05);66周龄产蛋数从多到少排序依次是山麻鸭、绍兴鸭、缙云麻鸭和攸县麻鸭。从4个品种的产蛋曲线可以看出,第24周所有鸭的产蛋率逐渐进入高峰期,第49周开始,4个品种鸭可能由于天气变化引起的应激导致产蛋率都有一段时间的集中下降,其中攸县麻鸭降幅最明显,缙云麻鸭降幅最小。在第57周,绍兴鸭和山麻鸭的产蛋率重新恢复至90.7%和91.7%。综合表明,绍兴鸭、缙云麻鸭和山麻鸭的抗逆性较好,攸县麻鸭的抗逆性最差。缙云麻鸭、山麻鸭、绍兴鸭、攸县麻鸭4个品种蛋鸭16周至69周平均的产蛋率分别为70.7%,71.9%,72.7%,69.0%。综上可知,山麻鸭在开产日龄、产蛋量、抗逆性均属于优秀水平;绍兴鸭开产日龄晚,后期产蛋率高;攸县麻鸭开产最早但抗逆水平最差;缙云麻鸭在开产日龄、总体产蛋量方面均属于中等水平,抗逆水平优良。

The experiment aimed to compare the differences in egg production and stress resistance among four duck breeds:Shaoxing Duck,Youxian Ma Duck,Shan Ma Duck,and Jinyun Ma Duck.This study compared and analyzed the egg production performance of these four duck breeds in China.The results showed that Youxian Ma Duck started laying eggs earliest(116.71 days),and it was significantly earlier than Shaoxing Duck,which started laying eggs latest.Shan Ma Duck had the highest egg production at 43 weeks of age,significantly higher than the other three breeds.The order of egg production at 66 weeks of age,from highest to lowest,was Shan Ma Duck,Shaoxing Duck,Jinyun Ma Duck,and Youxian Ma Duck.At 24 weeks,the egg production rate of all ducks gradually entered the peak period.Starting from 49 weeks,the egg production rate of all four breeds might experience a concentrated decline due to weather changes and stress.By the 57th week,the egg production rate of Shaoxing Duck and Shan Ma Duck recoverd to 90.7%and 91.7%,respectively,indicating that they had better stress resistance.Jinyun Ma Duck had the poorest stress resistance.The average egg production rates of Jinyun Ma Duck,Shan Ma Duck,Shaoxing Duck,and Youxian Ma Duck from 16 to 69 weeks were 70.7%,71.9%,72.7%,and 69.0%,respectively.In conclusion,Shan Ma Duck performed excellently in terms of age at first egg,egg production quantity,and stress resistance.Shaoxing Duck started laying eggs at a later age but had a higher egg production rate in the later stage.Youxian Ma Duck started laying eggs earliest but had the poorest stress resistance.Jinyun Ma Duck had a moderate level of age at first egg and overall egg production quantity,with excellent stress resistance.