腐殖酸钾对杨梅土壤改良和生长结实的影响

Effects of potassium humate on soil improvement, tree growth and fruiting of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra)

针对杨梅种植区土壤环境恶化导致杨梅树体衰弱、果实品质下降的问题,开展腐殖酸钾调理杨梅根系土壤的研究,施用不同剂量的腐殖酸钾,测定土壤理化性质,微生物生物量碳、氮,土壤酶活性,以及杨梅茎、叶的营养元素含量,果实品质与产量的变化。结果表明,施用腐殖酸钾可显著(P<0.05)提高土壤pH值、阳离子交换量、电导率和最大持水量,显著增加土壤速效氮、速效钾含量和土壤交换性钙含量,显著提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性,显著增加杨梅茎、叶的钾、钙含量,显著提高杨梅果实的总糖和可溶性糖含量,显著促进花色素苷的积累,显著提升杨梅的商品果率和优质果率。综上,腐殖酸钾可作为适宜的土壤调理剂,改善杨梅根系的土壤健康状况,提高杨梅果实品质。

In recent years,the soil environment of Chinese bayberry growing area has been deteriorated,which has led to the poor growth of tree and fruit quality decline.In order to solve the above problems,the effect of potassium humate was examined in the bayberry planting area.The changes of soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial biomass carbon content,soil microbial biomass nitrogen content,soil enzymes activities,nutrients contents in stems and leaves,fruit yield and quality were determined with application of different amounts of potassium humate.It was shown that application of potassium humate could significantly(P<0.05)increase the pH value,cation exchange capacity,electrical conductivity and maximum water holding capacity of soil,increase the contents of soil available nitrogen,soil available potaasium and soil exchangeable calcium,enhance the activities of soil urease,sucrase,catalase,increase the potassium and calcium contents in stems and leaves,and promote the accumulation of total sugar,soluble sugar and anthocyanin in bayberry fruit,and increase the proportion of commercial fruit and high quality fruit.In general,potassium humate could be used as a suitable soil conditioner for bayberry,to promote the fruit quality by improving the soil environment.