中国西兰花育种研究进展

Research progress of broccoli breeding in China

2018年以来,随着农业农村部“国家西兰花育种联合攻关”工作的实施,我国西兰花育种研究取得了重要进展。自主培育的西兰花品种在花球颜色、球形等重要性状方面取得了突破,自主培育品种的市场占有率由2018年的不足5%提升至2023年的35%左右,单倍体诱导技术广泛应用于育种实践,遗传转化和基因编辑技术取得突破,基因组与分子标记辅助育种技术在育种工作中发挥着重要作用。文章介绍了近年来我国在西兰花花球重要商品性状、育种技术、新品种选育等方面取得的重要进展。基于我国自主培育品种和对照品种的系统发育进化树分析结果,并结合主栽品种的历史更替,将我国西兰花品种分为3个历史阶段和17个进化群(簇),浙青、碧绿、美奥、台绿等最新育成品种位于进化树顶端。近几年西兰花育种主攻方向仍是早中熟、广适性品种,未来育种的方向是抗病、抗逆、适宜机械化生产,同时应从外观品质转向鲜食加工品质和功能营养品质。

Since 2018,with the implementation of the“National Joint Research on Broccoli Breeding”by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,important progress has been made in the research of broccoli breeding in China.The new broccoli varieties have achieved important breakthroughs in head traits,such as bud color and head shape.The market share of self-cultivated broccoli varieties has increased from less than 5%in 2018 year to about 35%in 2023 year,and haploid induction technology has been widely applied to breeding practice,genetic transformation and gene editing technologies have made breakthroughs,genome and molecular marker-assisted breeding technologys play important roles in breeding.This article reviewed the important progress in the important commodity characters of broccoli head,breeding technology and new variety breeding in China in recent years.Based on the results of phylogenetic tree analysis of Chinese self-cultivated varieties and control varieties,and combined with the historical replacement of main cultivated varieties,Chinese broccoli varieties were divided into three historical stages and 17 evolutionary groups(clusters),and the newly bred varieties such as Zheqing,Bilyu,Meiao and Tailyu were at the top of the evolutionary tree.In recent years,the main directions of broccoli breeding are still early maturity and wide adaptability,and the future breeding directions are disease resistance,stress resistance and suitable for mechanized production,and at the same time,it should shift from appearance quality to fresh processing quality and functional nutrition quality.