考虑残保政策的多等级工人拆卸线平衡问题建模与优化

Modelling and optimization of multi-class worker disassembly line balancing problem considering policy on protection of disabled persons

针对拆卸企业的操作者仍以单一等级工人为主且尚未考虑雇佣残疾工人的问题,提出了考虑残疾人保障政策的多等级工人拆卸线平衡问题,建立了以最小化工作站数量、空闲均衡指标、价值指标和最大化拆卸线收益为优化目标的数学模型。基于问题特点,采用三层解码方式,设计了离散共生生物搜索算法。该算法引入莱维飞行策略,改进了互利、寄生操作,结合Pareto思想和拥挤距离机制从而筛选出多个非劣解。现有基准测试结果表明所提出算法的寻优能力和收敛性能均优于文献中的其他算法。最后,以某品牌V6发动机作为实例进一步验证所提模型和算法,与多种算法计算结果进行对比,证明所提算法计算所提模型的适用性和优越性,并为企业决策者提供多种侧重点不同的拆卸方案。

To solve the problem that operators in disassembly enterprises are still dominated by single-class workers and the employment of disabled workers has not been considered,the disassembly line balancing problem for multi-grade workers with consideration of the disability protection policy was proposed,and a mathematical model with the optimization objectives of minimizing the number of workstations,the load balance,the value index and the maximization of the gain of disassembly lines was established.Based on the characteristics of the problem,a three-layer decoding approach was used to design a discrete symbiotic biological search algorithm,which added Lévy flight strategy to improve the mutualistic and parasitic operations,and screening multiple non-dominated solutions by combining the Pareto idea and the crowding distance mechanism.Existing benchmarking results showed that the proposed algorithm outperformed other algorithms in the literature in terms of optimality finding ability and convergence performance.Finally,the proposed model and algorithm were further validated by taking a V6 engine of a certain brand as an example,and the applicability and superiority of the proposed algorithm in calculating the proposed model was proved by comparing the results with those of various algorithms,which could provide decision makers of the enterprise with a variety of disassembly solutions with different focuses.