基于多位置振动融合的精整车削表面形貌仿真

Surface topography simulation of finishing turning based on multi-position vibration fusion

针对高精度加工工件表面粗糙度及表面形貌精确预测的难题,提出根据多位置振动信号融合,并结合刀具轮廓轨迹合成的形貌仿真模型。首先建立刀具轮廓轨迹方程,然后通过主成分分析法分析表面精整车削主要影响振动部位对表面粗糙度的贡献度,将不同部位的振动信号进行融合,最后将以上两部分进行叠加得到表面粗糙度表面形貌仿真模型。根据振动信号的来源方式不同,分别建立了刀具轮廓轨迹-振动仿真模型(PTS)和刀具轮廓轨迹-振动实测模型(PTM)两种模型进行研究。其中PTS模型中振动信号为根据车削动力学模型求解得到的振动位移,PTM模型中的振动信号为切削实验中实际采集的振动位移信号。通过仿真与试验结果的对比,表明PTM模型较PTS模型精确度更高,同时两种模型表面形貌仿真模型都具有较高的准确性,均可为实际加工生产提供参考。

To solve the problem of accurate prediction of surface roughness and surface topography of high-precision machining workpieces,the fusion of vibration signals based on multiple locations was proposed,combined with the shape simulation model synthesized by the tool contour trajectory.The tool profile trajectory equation of the cutting edge changing was established with time.Then the contribution degree of the vibration parts to the surface roughness was analyzed by principal component analysis,and the vibration signals from different parts were fused.Finally,the above two parts were superimposed to obtain the surface roughness and surface topography simulation model.According to the different sources of vibration signals,the tool Profile Trajectory-Simulated vibration model(PTS)model and tool Profile Trajectory-Measured vibration model(PTM)model were established for research.The vibration signal in the PTS model was the vibration displacement obtained by solving the turning dynamics model,the vibration signal in the PTM model was the vibration displacement signal actually collected in the cutting experiment.Through the comparison of simulation and test results,the PTM model was more accurate than the PTS model,both model surface topography simulation models had high accuracy and could provide reference for actual processing and production.