某三级甲等教学医院2020-2022年烧伤患者创面病原体分布及耐药性

Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens from wound of burned patients in a tertiary first-class hospital from 2020 to 2022

目的分析烧伤患者创面微生物分布及耐药性,为抗菌药物的合理使用和医院感染防控提供参考。方法回顾性分析某三级甲等教学医院2020年1月-2022年12月收治的烧伤住院患者的临床资料,对创面病原体进行培养、鉴定及药敏分析。结果2020-2022年共收治烧伤住院患者588例,共检出病原体734株,其中革兰阴性菌415株(56.54%),革兰阳性菌306株(41.69%),真菌13株(1.77%)。居前5位的病原菌分别为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和阴沟肠杆菌;其中金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G耐药率较高(93.02%~97.37%),对苯唑西林的耐药率由11.63%上升至21.92%;铜绿假单胞菌主要表现为对替卡西林/克拉维酸、氨曲南、左氧氟沙星耐药,对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为15.00%~38.10%、10.00%~33.33%;肠杆菌目细菌对头孢类抗生素敏感性随头孢类代数的增加而增高,对常用抗菌药物表现出较高的耐药性。结论3年间该院烧伤患者创面检出主要病原体和耐药情况变化不明显,金黄色葡萄球菌和肠杆菌目细菌的耐药形势较为严峻,有必要开展相应地区的烧伤创面病原体监测。

Objective To analyze the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens from wounds of burned patients,providing reference for the rational use of antimicrobial agents and healthcare-associated infection(HAI)prevention and control.Methods Clinical data of burned patients admitted to a tertiary first-class hospital from Ja-nuary 2020 to December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively,pathogens in the wound was cultured,identified,and performed antimicrobial susceptibility analysis.Results From 2020 to 2022,a total of 588 burned patients were admitted,734 strains of pathogens were detected,including 415 strains(56.54%)of Gram-negative bacteria,306 strains(41.69%)of Gram-positive bacteria,and 13(1.77%)strains of fungi.The top 5 pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Enterobacter cloacae.Staphylococcus aureus had higher resistance rates(93.02%-97.37%)to penicillin G,resistance rate to oxacillin increased from 11.63%to 21.92%.Pseudomonas aeruginosa mainly exhibited resistance to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid,aztreonam,and levofloxacin,resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem were 15.00%-38.10%and 10.00%-33.33%,respectively.Susceptibility of Enterobacterales bacteria to cephalosporins enhanced with the increased of cephalosporin generations,and exhibited higher resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents.Conclusion Over the past three years,there has been no significant change in the detection of major pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in wounds of burned patients in this hospital.Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacterales is relatively severe,and it is necessary to carry out surveillance on pathogens from burn wounds in corresponding areas.