呼吸与危重症医学科疑似纤维支气管镜污染导致脓肿分枝杆菌医院感染假暴发的调查与控制

Investigation and control of a pseudo-outbreak of suspected Mycobacterium abscessus infection due to contamination of fiberbronchoscope in department of pulmonary and critical care medicine

目的调查某医院呼吸与危重症医学科疑似脓肿分枝杆菌医院感染暴发事件,为精准预防和控制医院感染提供参考依据。方法对该院呼吸与危重症医学科经纤维支气管镜(简称支纤镜)支气管肺泡灌洗术后发生脓肿分枝杆菌感染患者进行现场流行病学调查和环境卫生学检测,并提出针对性的干预措施。结果2022年9月7日-10月20日在呼吸与危重症医学科支纤镜室进行支气管肺泡灌洗的患者共344例次,其中10例患者支气管肺泡灌洗液检出脓肿分枝杆菌,经现场调查及后续追踪排查,首例检出患者为社区感染,其余9例均为标本污染。共采集33份环境卫生学标本,均未检出脓肿分枝杆菌。采取规范支纤镜洗消流程、加强病区和支纤镜室感染管理及严格落实支纤镜清洗消毒人员持证上岗制度等控制措施后,及时有效地控制了此次事件。结论本次假暴发是由支纤镜污染脓肿分枝杆菌引起,及时识别危险因素,采取针对性防控措施可有效控制脓肿分枝杆菌感染的扩散与流行。

Objective To investigate a suspected outbreak event of Mycobacterium abscessus(Mab)infection in department of pulmonary and critical care medicine in a hospital,provide basis for the precise prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection(HAI).Methods On-site epidemiological investigation and environmental hygienic detection were carried out in patients with Mab infection following fiberbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage in the department of pulmonary and critical care medicine in this hospital,and targeted intervention measures were proposed.Results From September 7 to October 20,2022,a total of 344 cases of bronchoalveolar lavage were performed for patients in fiberbronchoscopy room of department of pulmonary and critical care medicine.Mab was detected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of 10 patients.Through on-site and follow-up investigation,the initial case was defined as community-associated infection,and the other 9 cases were due to the contamination of specimens.A total of 33 environmental hygienic specimens were collected,and no Mab was detected.The event was effectively controlled after standardizing the process of bronchoscope decontamination,strengthening the infection management of ward and bronchoscopy room,and strictly implementing the certificate system of bronchoscopy decontamination personnel.Conclusion This pseudo-outbreak is due to the contamination of fiberbronchoscope by Mab.Timely identifying risk factors as well as taking targeted prevention and control measures can effectively control the spread and prevalence of Mab infection.