石油天然气行业甲烷泄漏检测技术及量化方法

Detection Technologies and Quantification Methods for Methane Leakages in Oil and Gas Industry

甲烷(CH_(4))是重要的温室气体,在大气中浓度逐年上升,是导致全球气候变暖的一个重要因素。油气生产是大气CH_(4)的重要人为排放源,量化这些过程中CH_(4)排放总量对实现碳达峰和实施碳中和具有重要科学意义。本文总结了油气行业CH_(4)排放检测技术、模式及量化方法。油气行业CH_(4)排放检测技术主要介绍了光学技术和传感器技术,着重介绍了这些技术的优缺点。油气行业地面检测和卫星高空遥感检测,两种检测方式能够互相弥补各自缺点,实现高精度、高分辨率的油气田CH_(4)泄漏检测,增加区域源清单调查的准确性。搭载CH_(4)激光传感器的无人机检测机动性更高,成本更低,是现有地面和高空检测方式的有效补充,成为目前油气行业小范围CH_(4)泄漏检测的理想技术,该技术通过检测CH_(4)排放通量实现CH_(4)泄漏的准确核算。油气行业CH_(4)排放的量化方法主要有反推法、通量法、示踪剂法和质量平衡法。选择合适的检测技术与科学的量化方法有助于准确检测和计算油气行业CH_(4)泄漏量,为科学指导油气行业CH_(4)减排提供重要的技术支撑。

Methane(CH_(4))is an important greenhouse gas,and its increasing concentration in the atmosphere year by year is an important factor contributing to global warming.The oil and gas production is an important source of atmospheric CH_(4)emissions and quantifying the total CH_(4)emissions from these processes is of great scientific significance for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality.This paper summarizesd the CH_(4)emission detection technologies,methodologies and quantification methods in oil and gas industry CH_(4),detection technology in oil and gas industry mainly introduces optical technology and sensor technology,focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies.The two detection methods can make up for each other's shortcomings,achieve high-precision and high-resolution CH_(4)leakage detection in oil and gas industry,and increase the accuracy of regional source inventory investigation.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)equipped with CH_(4),laser sensors are more flexible and less costly,serving as an effective complement to existing ground-based and high-altitude detection methods.This makes them an ideal technology for detecting small-scale CH_(4)leak detection in oil and gas industry,achieving accurate accounting of CH,leakage by detecting CH_(4)emission fluxes.The methods for quantifying CH_(4)emissions in oil and gas industry mainly include the reverse deduction method,the flux method,the tracer method and the mass balance method.The selection of reasonable detection technology and scientific quantitative methods is helpful to accurately detect and calculate the CH_(4)leakage in oil and gas industry and provides important technical support for the scientific guidance of CH_(4) emission reduction in oil and gas industry.