水凝胶用于高灵敏度应变传感器的研究进展

Research progress in hydrogels for high⁃sensitivity strain sensors

首先综述了压电式、电阻式、摩擦电式以及电容式4种应变传感器的类型的及其传感机理。其次,深入探讨了提升水凝胶应变传感器灵敏度的关键方法。通过选用导电纳米粒子与离子材料等适宜材料,采用微球、锯齿状、多孔等特定结构设计,以及多因素的综合复合等方式,可以赋予水凝胶应变传感器高灵敏度的特征。随后,归纳了此类传感器在智能电子、可穿戴设备和医疗健康领域的应用实例。最后,展望了目前面临的挑战与未来的机遇。

This review provided a comprehensive overview in four types of strain sensors,including piezoelectric,resis-tive,triboelectric,and capacitive strain sensors,and their sensing mechanisms were summarized.The essential methods for improving the sensitivity of hydrogel strain sensors were discussed,which involved the selection of suitable materials such as conductive nanoparticles and ionic materials and the adoption of specific structural designs such as microspheres,sawtooth-like patterns,and porous structures.A comprehensive integration of these factors was also involved.These strategies enable the hydrogel strain sensors to obtain a high sensitivity.Furthermore,the application of hydrogel strain sensors in the fields of smart electronics,wearable devices,and medical health were introduced.Finally,the current challenges and the prospect of future opportunities in the development and applications of hydrogel strain sensors were discussed.