论陶行知先生对壬戌学制的思想贡献

On Tao Xingzhi's Ideological Contribution to the Renxu Education System

壬戌学制(1922年新学制)是中国教育近代化的里程碑。陶行知对壬戌学制的创立有重要的理论与实践贡献。陶行知对教育改革的科学和理性精神以及因地制宜、不断试验的策略为壬戌学制的制定明确原则与路径,对不同学段教育和职业教育改革的思考影响至壬戌学制的具体内容。陶行知关于教育普及的思想促使壬戌学制注重城乡教育均衡发展、男女教育平等发展和师范教育的发展,促进了教育公平。陶行知重视教育调查,他组织开展的教育调查触发了壬戌学制的改革,也为壬戌学制的创立积累了基础性数据。陶行知注重教育开放,从美国和其他发达国家的教育发展历程及教育思想中学习,为壬戌学制注入了先进理论思想,并通过国际交流扩大了中国教育和壬戌学制的国际影响力。

The Renxu School System(1922 New School System)is a milestone in the modernization of Chinese education.Tao Xingzhi made significant theoretical and practical contributions to the establishment of the Renxu education system.Tao Xingzhi's scientific and rational spirit in educational reform,as well as his strategy of adapting to local conditions and constantly experimenting,have provided clear principles and paths for the development of the Renxu education system.His thoughts on the reform of education and vocational education at different stages have influenced the specific content of the Renxu education system.Tao Xingzhi's ideas on education popularization prompted the Renxu school system to focus on balanced development of urban and rural education,equal development of gender education,and the development of teacher education,promoting educational equity.Tao Xingzhi attached great importance to educational investigation.The educational investigation he organized triggered the reform of the Renxu education system and accumulated fundamental data for its establishment.Tao Xingzhi emphasized educational openness and learned from the educational development process and ideas of the United States and other developed countries.He injected advanced theoretical ideas into the Renxu education system and expanded the international influence of Chinese education and the Renxu education system through international exchanges.