“双碳”目标下保护和发展蓝碳的司法路径

Judicial Path to Protect and Develop Blue Carbon under the"Double Carbon"Goal

由于海洋拥有强大的碳汇能力,保护和发展蓝碳成为实现“双碳”目标的关键路径,其中加强海洋生态保护是保护和发展蓝碳的重要措施。然而,我国保护和发展蓝碳司法路径存在缺位,具体包括相关司法路径立法的缺失、蓝碳公益诉讼的缺位以及蓝碳司法实践的不足等。保护和发展蓝碳司法路径的相关理念包括环境权理念、维护蓝碳司法公平与正义、维护气候环境利益以及司法为民理念等。构建保护和发展蓝碳的司法路径,在蓝碳民事诉讼层面,建立健全蓝碳民事私益诉讼与民事公益诉讼;在蓝碳行政诉讼层面,建立健全维护私主体权益的蓝碳行政诉讼与蓝碳行政公益诉讼;完善涉及蓝碳的刑事诉讼制度;建立健全涉及蓝碳的刑事附带民事公益诉讼制度。

Because the ocean has strong carbon sink capacity,protecting and developing blue carbon has become a key path to achieve the"Double Carbon"goal.Among them,strengthening marine ecological protection is an important measure to protect and develop blue carbon.However,there are gaps in judicial paths to protect and develop blue carbon in my country,including the lack of legislation on relevant judicial paths,the absence of blue carbon public interest litigation,and the shortcomings of blue carbon judicial practice.Relevant concepts for protecting and developing blue carbon judicial paths include the concept of environmental rights,maintaining blue carbon judicial fairness and justice,safeguarding climate and environmental interests,and the concept of justice for the people.Build a judicial path to protect and develop blue carbon.At the blue carbon civil litigation level,establish and improve blue carbon civil private interest litigation and civil public interest litigation;at the blue carbon administrative litigation level,establish and improve blue carbon administrative litigation and blue carbon administrative litigation to safeguard the rights and interests of private subjects.Administrative public interest litigation;Improve the criminal litigation system involving blue carbon;Establish and improve the criminal incidental civil public interest litigation system involving blue carbon.