肌卫星细胞对神经源性大便失禁肛门括约肌修复影响的研究现状

Research progress on the effect of muscle satellite cells on anal sphincter repair in neurogenic fecal incontinence

神经源性大便失禁是指由于阴部神经损伤,肛门括约肌退化性萎缩后导致的括约肌收缩功能障碍,表现为粪便无意识地自肛门漏出。肌卫星细胞是骨骼肌中一类成体干细胞群,在骨骼肌损伤后可以被激活并分化成干细胞和成肌细胞,重构肌肉纤维。肛门外括约肌萎缩的过程与肌卫星细胞的数目、激活分化水平密切相关,而肌卫星细胞的激活与增殖在肛门括约肌的损伤再生过程中发挥了重要作用,该过程受多种细胞、细胞因子的生态位和信号传导调控,是治疗神经源性大便失禁重要的作用靶点。本文就肌卫星细胞对神经源性大便失禁肛门括约肌修复影响的研究现状作一综述。

Neurogenic fecal incontinence refers to the dysfunction of anal sphincter contraction caused by degenerative atrophy of the anal sphincter secondary to pudendal nerve injury,manifested as involuntary leakage of feces from the anus.Muscle satellite cells are a group of adult stem cells in skeletal muscle that can be activated and differentiate into stem cells and myoblasts after skeletal muscle injury,reconstructing muscle fibers.The process of atrophy of the external anal sphincter is intimately linked to the number and activation-differentiation level of muscle satellite cells,and the activation and proliferation of muscle satellite cells play a pivotal role in the injury and regeneration of the anal sphincter.This process is regulated by the ecological niche and signal transduction of various cells and cytokines,serving as an important target for the treatment of neurogenic fecal incontinence.This article reviews the research progress on the effect of muscle satellite cells on anal sphincter repair in neurogenic fecal incontinence.