日本的家庭教养教育及其影响

Family Education and Its Influence in Japan

日本家庭教养教育伴随日本明治维新教育改革出现,起初是以性别在社会中的不同角色为标准对男女进行差异化教育,以实现稳固家庭和社会、促进社会进步和经济增长的教育目的,形成了按社会阶层划分,教育子女、养家持家相结合的女子教育体系。二战结束后,家庭教养教育模式继续存在,并在一定程度上得到了扩展,出现男女共学和学术化、产业化的情况。“教”“养”体系以一种新方式延续至今,在日本经济腾飞期为稳定家庭社会结构起到了积极作用。进入老龄化社会后,家庭教养教育的结果直接或间接引发了日本社会劳动力匮乏、熟年离婚,甚至无缘社会等危机,但也正是这一教育体系催生出的新产业,又在一定程度上有效缓解了危机带来的压力。

Japan family upbringing education along with the Japanese Meiji restoration in education reform,which initially differentiated education for men and women based on the different roles of gender in society,with the goal of stabilizing the family and society,promoting social progress and economic growth,and formed a women's education system which is divided by social strata and combines education with raising children and supporting the family.After the end of the second world war,the family education model continued to exist,and to a certain extent,has been expanded,and the characteristics of co-education,academicization and industrialization have emerged.The system of"education"and"raising"has been continued in a new way up to now,and has played a positive role in stabilizing the family social structure during the period of Japanese economic take-off.After entering the aging society,the results of family education directly or indirectly triggered the crisis of labor shortage,mature divorce,even the social disjuncture.But it is also the education system that has generated new industries,which is,to a certain extent,effectively alleviated the pressure brought by the crisis.