卫生健康治理体系现代化的私法进路--以人格利益保护为视角

Private Law as a Mean to Public Health Governance Modernization--From the Perspective of Personality Interest Protection

健康权概念的发展引发了各国对卫生健康法治进行重新整合的热潮,我国采取的是多元、全方位和基本医疗为主的大健康战略。私主体参与是医疗服务市场化改革和大健康理念引领的制度建设下,卫生健康治理去中心化的现实必然。为此,应发挥私法的开放性,把握《民法典》的基础性定位,把人格权制度融入卫生健康法治体系中,以此弥补公法治理的法律滞后短板:健康权诉讼可调节社会活动对健康的影响,实现环境健康治理;就医歧视阻碍健康权实现并增加疾病防控难度,可从增加强制缔约、精神损害赔偿等救济途径加以应对;落实患者隐私权和健康信息权利可保护个人尊严和数据安全,长远推进医疗建设战略;根据具体医疗活动的风险细化知情同意的内容并倒置举证责任,可以促进医患沟通、降低医疗操作错误的风险。

Evolution in the concept of right to health has triggered a global wave of reforming the rule of law in public health.And China has adopted a pluralistic and comprehensive“Big Health”strategy that is based on primary health care.The participation of pri⁃vate entities is the reality of decentralization of health governance under the market-oriented reform of medical services and the system construction led by big health concept.Therefore,we should give full play to the openness of private law,grasp the basic positioning of The Civil Code,and integrate the personality right system into the health rule of law system,so as to make up for the legal lag of public law governance.Right to health litigation can regulate the impact of social activities on health and realize environmental health manage⁃ment.Discrimination in medical treatment hinders the realization of the right to health and increases the difficulties of disease preven⁃tion and control,which can be addressed by increasing compulsory contracting and compensation for mental damage.The implementa⁃tion of patients'right to privacy and health information can protect personal dignity and data security,and promote medical development strategies in the long run.Refining the content of informed consent according to the risks of specific medical activities and reversing the burden of proof can promote doctor-patient communication and reduce the risk of medical errors.