自热型方便食品包装加热释放微塑料的情况研究

Research on the release of microplastics from self heating convenience food packaging during heating

目的研究分析常见自热型方便食品包装材料中释放微塑料的情况。方法使用激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜、红外拉曼光谱分析仪等实验仪器,检测常见自热速食型的方便食品包装材料在加热过程中释放微塑料颗粒的情况,利用细胞计数板进行微塑料颗粒计数。结果加热后,几种不同类型自热型方便食品包装材料均释放出大量的微塑料,数量从1.94×10^(9)到7.49×10^(9)个/mL,平均释放量为4.21×10^(9)个/mL,包括微米级别和纳米级别塑料。不同品牌方便食品的包装材料在重量、大小和材质上有所差异,因而释放出的微塑料颗粒数量具有一定的差异性,形态为球状、短棒状、条状、片状和不规则形状等,主要材质为聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)。结论自热型方便食品包装材料在加热过程中会释放出大量的微塑料,对人体健康存在较大风险。该研究结果可为将来食品包装微塑料检测及风险评估提供理论依据和技术参考。

Objective To study and analyze the release of microplastics from common self heating convenience food packaging materials.Methods Experimental instruments such as confocal laser microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and infrared Raman spectroscopy were used to detect the release of microplastic particles from common self heating instant food packaging materials during heating.Microplastic particle counting was performed using a cell counting plate.Results After heating,several types of self heating convenience food packaging materials released a large amount of microplastics,ranging from 1.94×10^(9) to 7.49×10^(9) particles/mL,with an average release of 4.21×10^(9) particles/mL,including micro-and nano level plastics.The packaging materials of different brands of convenience foods varied in weight,size,and material,resulting in differences in the number of microplastic particles released.The shapes were spherical,short rod-shaped,strip-shaped,flaky,and irregular shapes,with polypropylene(PP)being the main material.Conclusion Self heating convenience food packaging materials release a large amount of microplastics during heating,posing a significant risk to human health.The research results could provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the detection and risk assessment of microplastics in food packaging in the future.