邯郸市售婴幼儿食品微生物污染状况调查

Investigation on microbial contamination of infant foods sold in Handan

目的了解邯郸市售婴幼儿食品中微生物的污染状况和趋势,为邯郸市婴幼儿食品的监管提供科学依据。方法采集邯郸市18个县区2021—2023年市售婴幼儿食品,进行克罗诺杆菌属(原阪崎肠杆菌)、蜡样芽胞杆菌和卫生指示菌检测。结果125份婴幼儿食品中,肠杆菌科检出4份,检出率3.2%。42份婴幼儿食品中,菌落总数和大肠菌群均未超标。2023年42份婴幼儿谷类辅助食品致病菌检出率28.6%,其中克罗诺杆菌属检出率23.8%,蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率7.1%。婴幼儿生制类谷类辅助食品克罗诺杆菌属检出率62.5%,其显著高于婴幼儿谷类辅助食品(即食)检出率5.5%,以及婴幼儿饼干或其他婴幼儿谷物辅助食品(即食)检出率25.0%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.108,P=0.008)。分离得到10株克罗诺杆菌属的菌株中,阪崎克罗诺杆菌占比70%,莫金斯克罗诺杆菌占20%,丙二酸盐克罗诺杆菌占10%。3株蜡样芽孢杆菌均不包含呕吐性基因(cesB-)。结论邯郸市婴幼儿食品中存在不同程度的微生物污染,尤其是婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中克罗诺杆菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌污染持续存在,对婴幼儿食品安全造成威胁,建议相关监管部门严格监督检查。

Objective To understand the microorganism pollution status and trend of infant food sold in Handan,and provide scientific basis for the supervision of infant food in Handan.Methods The infant food sold in 18 counties and districts of Handan City from 2021 to 2023 was collected for the detection of Cronobacter spp.,Bacillus cereus and hygienic indicator bacteria.Results Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 4 of 125 infant food samples,with a detection rate of 3.2%.In 42 samples of infant food,the total number of colonies and coliform bacteria did not exceed the standard.In 2023,among 42 cereal supplements for infants and young children,the total detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 28.6%,among which Cronobacter spp.was 23.8%and Bacillus cereus was 7.1%.The detection rate of Cronobacter spp.in infant raw cereal supplements was 62.5%,which was higher than that in infant cereal supplements(ready-to-eat)(5.5%)and infant biscuits or other infant cereal supplements(ready-to-eat)(25.0%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=9.108,P=0.008).Among the 10 strains of Cronobacter spp.isolated,Cronobacter sakazakii accounted for 70%,Cronobacter muytjensii accounted for 20%,and Cronobacter malonaticus accounted for 10%.None of the Bacillus cereus contained the vomiting genes(cesB-).Conclusion Microbiological contamination of food for infants and young children in Handan,in particular the persistent contamination of cereals for infants and young children with Cronobacter and Bacillus cereus,poses a threat to food safety for infants and young children.It is suggested that the supervision and inspection shall be strictly conducted by the relevant supervision departments.