“托幼一体化”:理念、路径和启示——基于芬兰、日本和中国上海地区的托幼融合研究

Integrating Kindergarten with Nursery Education:Concepts,Paths,and Inspirations—Research on the Integration of Early Childhood Education in Finland,Japan,and Shanghai,China

在当前人口老龄化、经济发展转型升级以及社会人才竞争不断加剧的影响之下,“托幼一体化”服务体系构建在世界范围内形成早期发展领域的发展共识。芬兰依照自身深厚的教育基础和完善的福利机制,发展出一套整合程度高、教育质量优秀且教学成果显著的托幼服务体系;日本在经过漫长而保守的“托幼一体化”政策改革后,实现了保育与教育内容一体化发展上的深入衔接;中国上海地区以政府主导托幼服务体系的统筹规划,率先完成了行政管理机构的统一。综合分析和探究三者的托幼政策和项目表现背后的历史逻辑和路径优势,立足于我国现实国情与实践基础,为我国本土“托幼一体化”发展提出重视早期发展理念一体化、规范政府主体责任、重视托幼课程体系和师资培养及促进社会多方参与的建设策略。

Under the influence of the current aging population,economic development transformation and upgrading,and increasing competition for social talent,constructing an integrating kindergarten with nursery education service system has become a worldwide consensus in the field of early childhood development.Finland,leveraging its strong educational foundation and comprehensive welfare system,has developed an integrated and high-quality early childhood service system with notable educational outcomes.Japan,after a long and conservative reform of its integrating kindergarten with nursery education policy,has achieved a deep integration of care and education development.Meanwhile,the Shanghai region of China has taken the lead in completing the unified administrative management system through government-led planning of the integrated early childhood service system.By comprehensively analyzing and exploring the historical logic and path advantages behind the early childhood policies and projects of these three countries,and based on the reality and practical foundation of China,this study proposes strategies for the development of integrating kindergarten with nursery education in China.The strategies emphasize the integration of early development concepts,standardizing government responsibilities,focusing on early childhood curriculum systems and teacher training,and promoting the participation of multiple sectors in society.