构造物理化学的理论纲要和应用前景

Theoretical Outline and Application Prospects of Tectonophysicochemistry

构造物理化学是地质力学在“构造结合建造”领域兴起的研究方向,发展为探讨构造作用过程中岩石物理变化与化学变化相关性的交叉学科领域。针对“构造力能否影响化学平衡”的地球科学难题,作者开展矿田地质构造的深入研究,进行构造力影响压力的探索。构造应力场可以分解为两部分:一部分是应力差,使岩石发生变形;另一部分是平均应力部分,即各向相等的正压应力状态,使岩石体积变化。后者称为“构造附加静水压力”。“构造附加静水压力”叠加在其地质作用引起的压力之上,改变该点的压力并影响其他物理化学条件,由此控制成岩成矿地球化学过程。构造物理化学是研究“构造力改变物理化学条件进而影响化学过程”,即研究构造引起的构造附加压力、温度等物理化学条件及其控制物理化学过程的领域。构造物理化学和“成矿深度构造校正”等理论方法预测胶东金矿深部存在“第二富集带”已得到证实,为胶东成为全球第三大金矿区提供了理论和方法方面的支撑。经过30多年科研和找矿实践,构造物理化学产生了广泛学术影响;中国地质学会地质力学专业委员会1996年设立“构造物理化学专业学组”,中国地球物理学会2018年批准成立“构造物理化学专业委员会”。构造物理化学需继续深入研究的问题有:构造附加静水压力问题,构造作用影响温度问题,构造作用改变岩石物理性质问题,构造作用影响地质P-T相图问题,还要发展“构造结合建造”的构造变形岩相观测研究方法等。构造物理化学在地壳异常压力和地壳深部压力状态、构造对油气的驱动和圈闭问题、成岩成矿深度的构造校正测算和隐伏矿床预测、超高压变质带的“构造增压壳内成因”问题、煤变形-变质作用的物理化学条件、临界成矿的热力学分析、地震灾害流体对于岩石系统的构造物理化学约束以及构造变形岩相基础上的地球物理勘查等方面推广应用已取得长足进展,且具有广阔的发展前景。

Tectonophysicochemistry is an emerging study direction in geomechanics within the field of“struc-ture-combined construction”.It has developed into an interdisciplinary field that studies the correlation between the plhysical and chemical changes of rocks during tectonie activities.In addressing the challenging problem in earth sciences,namely“w hether tectonic force can affect chemical equilibrium”,the author conducted in-depth research on the geological structures of ore fields and explored the infuence of tectonic force on pressure.The tectonic stes field can be dirided into two parts:one is the stess difference,which causes the deformation of rocks;and the other is the avemge stress,which is the positive pressune stress state of equal directions that changes the volume of rocks.The ltter is called“structural additional hydrostatie pressune”.The“tectonic ad-ditional hydrostatic pressure”is superimposed on the pressure caused by its geological processes,atering the pressure at a given point and afcting other physical and chemical conditions,thus contolling the diagenetic and geochemical processes of diagenesis and mineral ization.Tectonophysicochemistry is the study of“how tec-tonic forces change the physicochemical conditions and then affect the chemical process”.It focuses on structur-al additional pressure,temperature,and other physicochemical conditions caused by tectonism and their control over physicochemical processes.The prediction of“seond enrichment zone”deep in Jiaodong gold deposit,u sing theories and methods such tectonophysicochemistry and“structural correction of met alogenic depth”ha been confimed.This provides theoretical and methodological support for Jiaodong,the thind-largest gold region in the world.After more than 30 years of scientifc research and prospecting practices,tetonoply sicochemistry has gained extensive ac ademic influence.The Geomechanics Comittee of the Geological Society of China e-tablished the“Professional Group of Tectonoplysicochemistry”in 1996,and the Chinese Geophysical Society approved the est ablishment of the“Poesional Committee of Tectonophysicochemistry”in 2018.The problems in tectonophysicochemistry that need further study are:addit ional bhydrostatic pressure,tectoni sm affecting tem-perature,tectonism changing physical properties of rock,tectonism afecting geological PT phase diagram,and developing methods for observing and studying structural deformation lithofacies.Tectonophysi cochemistry has made significant progress in various aneas,including the expansion and application of abnomal crustal pressue and deep crustal pressure states,tectonic driving and trapping of oil and gas,tectonic correction calculation of diagenetic and metallogenic depth and prediction of hidden ore deposits,“crustal genesis of tectonic pressuriza-tion”in ultra-high-pressure metamomhic belt,phy sicochemical conditions of coal deformation and metamor-phism,thermodynamic analysis of critical mineralization,tectonophysicochemical constraints of earthquake dis-aster fluid on rock system,and geophysical exploration based on tectonic deformation lithofacies belts.There is a broad prospect for the development of tectonophysicochemistry.